Psychology Assignment Final Essay Sample free essay sample

Describe and discourse how each psychological position explains smoking utilizing empirical grounds A position or attack in psychological science is a specific apprehension as to why and how persons think. feel and behave. The perspectives/approaches are indispensable to the survey of psychological science ; they reinforce all psychological idea and probe. The intent of this assignment is to measure the psychological positions in order to explicate smoke. The psychodynamic attack Psychodynamic psychologists assume an individual’s behavior is determined by their unconscious ideas and memories. doing it a deterministic attack. They believe that each manifest ( surface ) thought or behaviour fells a latent ( hidden ) motivation or purpose. This reflects our natural biological thrusts and early experiences. preponderantly before the age of five. Chiefly. how a kid is treated by their parents. reflects their grownup behavior. This attack is regarded as a reductionist attack to psychology instead than a holistic 1. Sigmund Freud ( 1896-1939 ) believed that one of the cardinal influences to his psychodynamic attack was the premise was that the early childhood was peculiarly of import in the development of an adults personality traits. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Assignment Final Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to ( Gross. 2005 ) Freud claimed that development took topographic point through three phases of psychosexual development. the unwritten. anal and the phallic. However. if a injury occurs at any phase of development it could ensue in the kid acquiring fixated ( stuck ) at that phase. if this does go on. so hints of that phase will stay in their behavior as an grownup. For illustration. smoke in grownups can be explained through the unwritten phase of the psychosexual phases. where as a kid a struggle occurs at the unwritten phase. where the beginnings of pleasance would be in the oral cavity. with the influences at this phase being breast eating and ablactating onto solid nutrient. Therefore. the consequence of arrested development is smoking. nail biting. dependence and aggression. An illustration of psychodynamic research is Freud’s ( 1909 ) instance survey of ‘Little Hans’ . where Freud believed Hans was traveling through the phallic phase of the psychosexual phases of development. ( Gross 2005. p. 507-509 ) However. no independent grounds was provided to back up Freud. The information he gathered was through matching with Hans’s male parent. who was a protagonist of Freud and his theories. Therefore. the instance survey was seen as research worker prejudice. Freud’s rating of the grounds suited his ain theorie s and beliefs. In add-on. it was really controversial as there was excessively much accent on sex. One of the restrictions repeatedly made towards Freud’s theories where that they were unscientific. sorting them as unfalsifiable. ( Not able to disapprove them ) . Behaviorist â€Å"Psychology. as the behaviorist views it. is a strictly nonsubjective. experimental subdivision of natural scientific discipline which needs self-contemplation every bit small as do scientific disciplines of chemical science and natural philosophies. It is granted that the behavior of animate beings can be investigated without entreaty to consciousness. † ( Watson 1919 ) Watson ( 1913 ) was the establishing male parent of behaviorism and developed a extremist behaviorist attack. However. non all behaviorist psychologists adopt such an utmost place. Behavioristic psychologists assume an individual’s behavior is wholly controlled by their environment and their anterior acquisition. Behaviorists believe that the environmental factors ( called stimulation ) affect apparent behavior ( called the response ) . This attack is deterministic as they believe that persons have no free will. Behaviorists believe that all acquisition can be accounted for in footings of law-gover ned procedures like classical and operant conditioning. The behaviourists’ position that all behavior. regardless of how many-sided. it can be broken down into the indispensable procedures of conditioning doing it a extremely reductionist attack to psychological science. They besides assume that the procedures of larning are common to all species. Therefore. worlds learn in the same manner as other animate beings. ( Billingham. M et Al ( 2008 ) Harmonizing to ( Gross. 2005 ) behaviorists use two processs to explicate how an individual’s learn – Classical Conditioning ( CC ) and Operant Conditioning ( OC ) . In Classical Conditioning. an single learns to tie in two stimulations when they occur together ; such that the response originally elicited by one stimulation is transferred to another. The single learns to bring forth an bing response to a new stimulation. Therefore. within the behaviorist attack smoke can be explained through Classical Conditioning. For illustration. an person is experiencing stressed due to an statement and removes themselves from the state of affairs by traveling outside ( UCS ) to alleviate the emphasis ( UCR ) . By adding smoke ( CS ) to the equation. allows the person to tie in smoke ( CS ) to the alleviation of emphasis ( UCR ) . Show in fig. 1 UCS_____ Outside| | UCR____ Reduces Stress| UCS_____ Outside| CS______ Smoking| UCR____ Reduces Stress| | CS______ Smoking| UCR____ Reduces Stress| Fig. 1The grounds for Classical Conditioning ( CC ) was from an experiment by Ivan Pavlov ( 1890-1930 ) . By looking into natural physiological reactions and impersonal stimulation he was able to condition Canis familiariss to salivate to the sound of a bell through repeated association of the bell to nutrient. ( Gross 2005. p. 123 ) The behaviorist surveies carried out tend to be really dependable. and can be credited with showing the scientific method into psychological science. It is methodical and nonsubjective due to the research lab proving on animate beings ; the conditions are controlled to the exact conditions larning occurs for illustration the nature and handiness of support and penalty. However. a restriction to the behaviorist attack is that they merely test on animate beings. non worlds which mean it does non efficaciously associate to a human being. Humanist â€Å"A instrumentalist must do music. an creative person must paint. a poet must compose. if he is to be finally at peace with himself. What a adult male can be. he must be. † ( Maslow. 1968 ) Humanist psychologists such as Carl Rogers ( 1951-1961 ) and Abraham Maslow ( 1962-1970 ) . presume that each person is alone and have their ain manner of perceiving and understanding the universe. ( Ideographic attack ) They focus on an individual’s subjectiveness. Therefore. they reject the nonsubjective scientific method as a manner of analyzing people. A humanistic attack is based upon the belief that every person individual has free will and that they are able to command and find their ain development. even though they may non ever gain this. Rather. than it being down to the environment or familial factors. As Humanist psychologists do non try to cut down individual’s behavior into smaller procedures. their attack tends to be doubtless holistic instead than reduction ist. Harmonizing to ( Pennington et al. 2003 ) Maslow ( 1970 ) believed that worlds are motivated through the demand of fulfillment and alteration through personal growing. Maslow conceptualised these demands into a hierarchy of five demands. which are normally. represented as a pyramid ; patterned advance to the top of the pyramid can merely be achieved with fulfilment of the lower demands. Show in fig. 2 Fig. 2 Maslow’s hierarchy of demands ( based on Maslow. 1954 )By utilizing Maslow’s theory of hierarchical demands. smoke can be explained ; for illustration. Maslow believed that we need to accomplish each degree of these demands to go Self-Actualised. ( Fulfilled and content ) Therefore. associating smoking to the hierarchy of demands situates it on the degree of love and belonging as an person who smoked would experience that they belonged to a peculiar equal group. Showing how peer force per unit areas can be persuasive to an person. giving them a sense of belonging and being loved. Some of the restrictions to the humanistic attack is it lacks scientific grounds to back up the theories. the construct is obscure and unfastened to bias. In add-on. Maslow was criticised at the fact that the humanistic attack looks upon the positive position of human nature ( healthy people ) and non adequate attending on those who have psychological upsets. ( Pennington et al. 2003 p. 180-191 ) CognitiveCognitive psychologists assume that behaviour consequences from information processing. ( Thinking ) The Cognitive attack equates a human to a computing machine. such as. the head is the package and the encephalon is the hardware. For illustration. they both encode. shop and recover information. supplying an end product. or behavior. However. there are certain differences between worlds and computing machines. doing this attack reductionist. as it ignores emotional. motivational and societal factors in human behavior. Fig. 3 The information processing theoretical account which represents our internal mental procedure. The cognitive attack focuses on the internal mental procedures of an person. which lies between the stimulations and the response. The Cognitive attack believes that each individual’s encephalon goes through three phases of information processing. ( Billingham. 2008 ) Show in fig. 3 Therefore. smoke can be explained through the cognitive attack by the fact that each single perceives information in a different manner. For illustration. most tobacco users throughout their life will in fact ignore people in their lives who have died at a immature age or suffered with serious smoking related diseases and merely recognize the people who have smoked all their lives and who have non gained any sick effects from the consequences of smoke. ( Misattribution ) Therefore. an single processes the information in a manner that justifies them smoking. A instance survey to endorse this theory would be Dutton and Aron ( 1974 ) who had an attractive adult female ask for interviews of immature work forces both on a rocking rope span and on terra firma. After a while the attractive adult females gave the work forces her telephone figure. Over 60 % from the rope span called her back. compared to 30 % from terra firma. They had misattributed their fright on the span as an attractive force to the adult female. However. the grounds for this was really subjective as they did non take into history that some of the work forces may non hold been attracted to the adult females or were possibly homophiles. In add-on. the persons who took portion in the survey were truly interested in the survey. The cognitive attack emphasises the scientific methods which is a immense strength to this attack as it is based on controlled research. However. cognitive psychologists have been criticised as being over-simplistic as they ignore the complexnesss of the head. Cognitive psychologists are divided on the topic of free will. some say persons can take their actions whereas. others are more deterministic and suggest that a human can no more decide on their ain behavior than a computing machine can. Biological Psychologists from the biological attack presume behavior and idea procedures have a distinctive. biological footing and that an individual’s behavior is caused by an action within the nervous system. They believe that the head and the encephalon are the same and every idea or experiencing an single experiences are caused by an electrochemical happening between the neurones that make up our nervous system. in peculiar those contained in the encephalon. The biological attack is important to psychology with respects to three countries of survey. foremost. physiology – how the nervous system and endocrines ( neurotransmitters ) work. how the encephalon maps and how alterations in construction and map can impact behavior. Second. – comparative method intending different species of animate beings can be studied and compared. helping in the hunt to understanding human behavior. Third. – heritage ( the probe of ) what an carnal inherits from its parents. mechanis ms of heritage ( genetic sciences ) . ( World Wide Web. simplypsychology. org 27/11/12 ) Therefore. to explicate smoke within the biological attack. utilizing the chemical processes as an of import influence over an individual’s behavior. nicotine is able to adhere to some of the receptors moving like a neurotransmitter. which lead to many of the alterations that are responsible for the of import feelings a tobacco user may depict. including heightened activity. improved reaction clip and a sense of wages and satisfaction. The receptors activate many different parts of the encephalon therefore by triping the Dopastat degrees within the encephalon allows the chemicals to bring forth feelings of pleasance and wages when an single fume. This consequences in high degrees of Dopastat. which means an person has more opportunity of going addicted to smoking in the same manner an nut may go addicted to drugs. Harmonizing to ( www. New Hampshire. uk/news. 23/11/12 ) A research lab survey ( Scripps Research Institute in Florida ) of normal and genetically modified mice and rats investigated the effects of nicotine on receptors of the encephalon. They theorised that the cause of smoking in worlds is due to a debatable cistron in the encephalon which is normally responsible for stamp downing the demand for more nicotine one time critical degrees are reached. However. the decisions were based on a survey of animate beings. which means it may non be valid to worlds. Coincidentally. it has non been established as to whether worlds even carry this cistron. Making it is really subjective. However. the overall attack is by and large deterministic but biological psychologists believe that persons do hold a certain sum of free will. Although. the biological attack uses scientific and investigational processs. the attack is reductionist as it describes all behaviors and ideas in footings of chemical procedures. The restrictions of the biological attack are that it is over-simplistic as it fails to ruminate the influence environmental factors can hold on an individual’s behavior. In add-on. the attack raises ethical issues for il lustration familial function. In add-on. it fails to clear up why persons start smoke and continue until dependence occurs. due to the dependence non being an immediate constituent. Decision In decision to measuring smoking with respects to each psychological attack. all attacks are able to explicate why people start smoking. However. they are unable to explicate why persons are unable to halt smoke and it seems that within these attacks placing a manner for surcease for the persons who smoke is non evident. Bibliography: Billingham. M et Al ( 2008 ) . AQA Psychology B. 4th erectile dysfunction. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas p. 12-13 Dutton. D. G. and Aron. A. P. ( 1974 ) Some grounds for heightened sexual attractive force under conditions of high anxiousness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology p. 510-517 Gary Kuhlman and Mika Ono. ( 2007 ) . Study Reveals Mechanism Behind Nicotine Dependency. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Scripps. edu/newsandviews/e_20071008/george. hypertext markup language. Last accessed 23/11/12. Gross. R ( 2005 ) . Psychology The Science Of The Mind And Behaviour. 4th erectile dysfunction. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p. 123. 507-509 Hock. R. R. ( 2002 ) . Forty surveies that changed psychological science: Explorations into the history of psychological research. ( 4th ed. ) . New Jersey: Pearson Education. 22/11/12 McLeod. S. A. ( 2007 ) . Biological Psychology. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. simplypsychology. org/biological-psychology. hyp ertext markup language Last accessed 23/11/12 McLeod. S. A. ( 2008 ) . Small Hans – Freudian Case Study. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. simplypsychology. org/little-hans. html 22/11/12 McLeod. S. A. ( 2007 ) . Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. simplypsychology. org/maslow. ht 22/11/12 McLeod. S. A. ( 2007 ) . Pavlov’s Dogs. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. simplypsychology. org/pavlov. html 22/11/12 NHS Choices. ( 2011 ) . Nicotine dependence: all in the caput? Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. New Hampshire. uk/news/2011/01January/Pages/nicotine-addiction-tested-in-rodents. aspx. Last accessed 23/11/12 Pavlov. I. P. ( 1927 ) . Conditioned physiological reactions. London: Oxford University Press. 22/11/12 Pennington. D et Al ( 2003 ) . Advanced Psychology. 7th erectile dysfunction. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p122-128

BA 488 first section Essay Example

BA 488 first section Essay Essential Questions BA 488 1) What is personal selling? Relationship based selling 2) Explain the difference between traditional transaction focused selling and trust- based relationship selling. transaction based ends after the sale 3) How does personal selling contribute to society, businesses, and customers? Strengthens relationships leading to increased sales and productivity 4) Briefly describe the five alternative approaches to personal selling. Which are more transaction based and which are more trust-based? Stimilus Response-scripted Mental States- Curiosity_sales Need satisfaction Problem Solving consultative 5) Briefly describe the three major phases of the trust-based sales process. Understanding customer value -creating and communicating value and delivering value CH2 1) Trust is a very complex concept. What five questions that are commonly asked by customers are answered when the salesperson is trusted? 2) Identify and describe the five characteristics of a salesperson that help that salesperson to earn a customers trust. How can a salesperson demonstrate each of the characteristics? . Expertise, compatibility, customer orientation, dependability and candor ) In order for salespeople to earn customers trust, they must be knowledgeable in several different areas. Identify and briefly describe the various types of knowledge a good salesperson should possess. Why is it important for salespeople to have a good knowledge base in each of these different areas? a. Industry, company, produ ct, service, price,market,competitor, tech 4) Assume you get a Job as a sales representative. How can you determine which sales practices are ethical and which are unethical? We will write a custom essay sample on BA 488 first section specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on BA 488 first section specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on BA 488 first section specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Company laws and guidelines 5) American society clearly defines some practices, such as deception, as unethical. Identify three practices that qualify as deception. a. Exagerating benefits, unfounded answers withholding information 6) Some sales practices are deemed so unethical by our society that engaging in them has legal consequences. Describe four things you as a salesperson should not do to avoid any legal problems for yourself and your company. a. Bribery, Product liability, negligence, basis of the bargain CH3 1) Briefly describe six ways that business markets differ from consumer markets. a. Trained purchasing professionals, ritualized, buying teams, chasing demand, larger ccounts, more buyer power, concentrated demand 2) Outline the steps of the business buying process. What does the buyer do in each step? What opportunities for involvement and/or influence does the seller have in each step? a. Recognition of b. Determining quality needed c. Quantity of item needed d. Qualification of potential sources e. Acquisition andAnalysis of proposals f. Evaluation of proposals and selection of suppliers Selection of order routine g. h. Performance feedback 3) Some salespeople find it useful to categorize buyers various needs. How can this be helpful toa salesperson? Describe five types of needs that buyers may possess. a. Functional Needs- Features and prupose desired b. Situational Needs- Ability to meet demands-timely-capacity c. Social Needs- Benefits of associations d. Psychological Needs- Assurance and strong appeal e. Knowledge needs-How something is made/upkept 4) Many business buyers use a compensatory multiattribute model to make buying decisions. When you, as a salesperson, think that your potential customer is using this type of model, what can you do to give your company the best chance of coming out on top (that is, of being chosen as the provider)? Ask what they hold in high regards 1) Satisfying buyers is extremely important in sales because satisfied buyers become repeat buyers. Identify and describe the two types of attributes that influence buyer satisfaction. Which have the greater influence on satisfaction? What can you as a salesperson do to ensure that your customers are satisfied? 2 ) Describe the three types of business buying decisions. Assuming you are the salesperson, how will your involvement in the purchasing process differ for each type? Straight Rebuy, electronic data interschange Low Modified Rebuy Moderate New Task High ) Your text describes four different communication styles based on the communicators degrees of assertiveness and responsiveness. Briefly describe each of these communication styles. How can you identify each of the styles? What should you do to communicate effectively with people exhibiting each of the styles? High Responsive Low Low Assertive Amiables-Relationship oriented, slow paced. Low R, Low A Analyticals-Task oriented, Slow Pased High R high A Expressives, Relationship oriented and fast paced Drivers Task oriented and fast paced buying center). What is a buying team? Describe the different roles of buying team embers. What are some of the things that you as a salesperson must do to effectively sell to a buying team? Initiators†find the need Influencers†Engineering Users†evaluate how it will affect their Job users serve as both AA DECIDERS-Make the call Purchasers†Negotiate terms Gatekeepers†le secretaries CH4 1) One of the most important, if not the most important thing for a salesperson to do is to ask the customer relevant, timely, and well crafted questions. Describe the different types of questions you could use as a salesperson and the purpose(s) that each type of question serve(s). . Open ended, Closed ended, Multiple choice, probing, evaluative, tactical, Reactive 2) There are so many different types of questions and objectives you may want to accomplish that it is helpful to organize questions into an easy to remember system. One system you could use is the SPIN system. Describe the steps of SPIN. What is your goal (as the salesperson) in each step? What characteristics should your question(s) possess in each step? Provide an example of a question that you would ask in each step. SPIN Situational Question- ascertain who the supplier is, purchase decisions Problem Questions- current problems with suppliers products etc Implication Questions- Help buyer reach decision†IE how does this affect profitability Need-payoff Questions- Solutions†would increased deliveries increased productivity? 3) ADAPT is another questioning system that you could use. Describe the steps of ADAPT and answer the same questions for ADAPT as you did above for SPIN. ADAPT logic based funneling system Assesment†open ended general assessments Discovery†Probe into assessment discoverys to uncover potential gaps Activation† Show the negatives of the problem from previous steps to pique interest Projection† Speculate as to what life would be like if problem would be solved Transiton, Segway †so having a supplier who is on time is important to you? If I can show you how we can be that would you be interested in purchasing.. 1. In order to successfully sell products, services, ideas, or yourself, you need to listen well. By the way, listening well will also help you to succeed in other aspects of your life, including being a student, an employee, a boss, a partner, a spouse, a parent. the list goes on and on! ) Although we seem to listen all the time, most of us dont listen well very often ecause listening effectively takes effort and dedication. Describe six things that you need to do while listening in order to listen ef fectively. Pay attention, Monitor Nonvervals, Paraphrase and repeat, make no assumptions ask clarifying questions. Encourage buyer to talk. Visualize. 2. Now lets think about what is going on in your brain as you listen. The SIER model breaks down active listening into four steps that must be carried out thoroughly and in the proper order to achieve active listening. thoroughly complete each step before moving on to the next. SIER Sensing- Actually listening Interpreting† summarizing key points and asking questions Evaluating†seeing if you agree Respondingparalinguistic 3. Weve all heard the phrase, A picture is worth a thousand words. Studies in cognitive psychology seem to support this statement. People remember pictures far better than they remember words. Identify some ways that you as a salesperson can leverage buyers bias towards remembering images to engage in more effective sales dialogue. Abstract words and phrases, be graphic, bursting with flavor, concrete descriptions 4. Much of our communication is nonverbal. What percentage of the meaning contained in communication is co nveyed through nonverbal behavior? How might a buyer express particular meanings through nonverbal behavior? You should know a couple of behaviors that are warning signs that the sales call is not going well, and a couple that indicate that the buyer is interested. ) How can you as a salesperson express positive messages through your own nonverbal cues? 50 percent, Facial expressions, eye movements, body language, posture and orientations, proxemics CH5 1. What is prospecting? Why is it important for salespeople to prospect? The finding of new customers 2. Strategic prospecting involves generating, qualifying, and prioritizing sales opportunities. Describe the characteristics that distinguish a suspect from a prospect. (Hint: the acronym MAD is useful for remembering these characteristics. ) Why is qualifying and prioritizing prospects important? 3. Describe the four main sources of prospects outlined in your book. What is a referral? Who could you ask for a referral? How could noncompeting salespeople be helpful to you in your prospecting? Where can you look within your own company to find new prospects? Which sources are likely to produce the most promising prospects? Cold canvasing†cold calls referrals introductions Networking†centers of influence, non-competing sales people Company Sources† records, advertising inquiries trade shows seminars Published sources†directories commercial lead lists 4. Describe the five elements of a strategic prospecting plan. Explain why each is important for effective prospecting. Allocating time Keep records Stay positive Evaluate Set Goals 5. What preliminary information should you gather before contacting a prospect? Where could you look for this information? Internet

Pearson literature common core grade 9 unit 2 Essay Example

Pearson literature common core grade 9 unit 2 Essay Example Pearson literature common core grade 9 unit 2 Paper Pearson literature common core grade 9 unit 2 Paper Essay Topic: Literature Adroit (adj.) Skillful, expert in the use of the the hands or mind Amicable (adj.) Peaceable, friendly Averse (adj.) Having a deep-seated distaste; opposed; unwilling Belligerent (adj.) (n) Combative, aggresive. One at war Benevolent (adj.) Kindly, charitable Cursory (adj.) Hasty, not thorough Duplicity (n) Treachery, deceitfulness Extol (v) Praise extravagantly Feasible (adj.) Possible, able to be done Grimace (n) (v) A wry face, facial distortion. To make a wry face Holocaust (n) A large scale destruction, especially by fire; a vast slaughter Impervious (adj.) Not affected or hurt by Impetus (n) A moving force, impulse Jeopardy (n) Danger Meticulous (adj) Extremely careful; particular about details Nostalgia (n) A longing for something past; homesickness Quintessence (n) The purest essence or form of something; the most typical example Retrogress (v) To move backwards; to return to an earlier condition Scrutinize (v) To examine closely Tepid (adj) Lukewarm; unenthusiastic, lack of interest

Cmo discapacitados pueden evitar examen de ciudadana

Cmo discapacitados pueden evitar examen de ciudadana Los residentes permanentes que desean naturalizarse para sacar asà ­ la ciudadanà ­a pero que  sufren de una discapacidad fà ­sica o mental pueden solicitar una waiver para no tener que rendir el examen de inglà ©s y conocimientos. Esta waiver, de ser concedida, serà ­a una excepcià ³n a la prctica general que establece que para convertirse en estadounidenses los residentes permanentes deben aprobar un examen sencillo en el que demuestren que pueden entender, hablar, escribir y leer el idioma inglà ©s y tambià ©n que tienen conocimientos bsicos sobre la historia y principios cà ­vicos de los Estados Unidos. En este artà ­culo se explica cà ³mo tramitar esa excepcià ³n y cules son los casos en los que es posible. Adems, se brindan consejos de interà ©s para los residentes permanentes que estn pensando en sacarse la ciudadanà ­a. Tramitacià ³n de la solicitud de la waiver para el examen de ciudadanà ­a Entre la documentacià ³n que acompaà ±a a la planilla N-400 debe incluirse la forma N-648. Esta sà ³lo puede ser cumplimentada por un mà ©dico o por un osteà ³pata (M.D., M.O.) o por un psicà ³logo clà ­nico con las debidas licencias o un psiquiatra y que tenga conocimiento de primera mano sobre la incapacidad. En otras palabras, puede ser un profesional de la medicina o psicologà ­a especialista en la discapacidad o el mà ©dico o psicà ³logo que le trata como paciente, siempre y cuando tenga experiencia suficiente sobre la discapacidad. El formulario N-648 debe rellenarse empleando un lenguaje sencillo y muy claro, no demasiado tà ©cnico y se debe identificar claramente la incapacidad. Se deben aà ±adir ejemplos especà ­ficos de cà ³mo la discapacidad afecta la capacidad del solicitante de aprender para rendir el examen de ciudadanà ­a, siendo esto extremadamente importante. Por à ºltimo, se debe prestar especial atencià ³n a completar la pregunta nà ºmero 3  de la planilla. Requisitos para que pueda solicitarse la waiver Deben cumplirse los siguientes requisitos: Se supone que la incapacidad va a durar por al menos 12 meses ms.La incapacidad debe ser la causa de que el solicitante sea incapaz de aprender inglà ©s y/o de estudiar el test sobre cultura cà ­vica e historia de los Estados Unidos. Este punto es fundamentalà ­simo. No basta con tener la discapacidad, sino que à ©sta debe afectar negativamente a la capacidad de aprender. Y por à ºltimo es necesario que la discapacidad no es  el resultado de haber consumido ningà ºn tipo de droga ilegal. Ejemplos de discapacidades para los que se puede solicitar la waiver. Siempre y cuando estas condiciones afecten a la capacidad de aprender porque inhabilitan la posibilidad de concentracià ³n o memoria, el USCIS podrà ­a conceder esta waiver.   Despuà ©s de examinar caso por caso, a personas que sufran entre otras de las siguientes enfermedades: depresià ³n severa, estrà ©s postraumtico (PTSD, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), demencia, esclerosis mà ºltiple en grado avanzado, esquizofrenia o desorden bipolar. Tambià ©n pueden incluirse un conjunto de enfermedades que provoquen que una persona està © agotada, en cama y no se pueda concentrar, como por ejemplo algunos enfermos de cncer que estn recibiendo quimioterapia, la arterioscleoris cerebral o casos severos de diabetes o enfermedades del corazà ³n. Tambià ©n pueden incluirse los casos de autismo, sà ­ndrome de Down o algunas instancias de discapacidades del aprendizaje. Es importante entender que esas y otras incapacidades pueden o no ser causa para la waiver, depende del su grado de severidad. El simplemente padecerlas no califica automticamente para que se conceda la peticià ³n. Por otra parte, la  ceguera o la sordera no son, por sà ­ solas, suficientes para que se conceda esta waiver de rendir el examen de ciudadanà ­a. Sà ³lo se aprobar si la discapacidad fà ­sica  es tal o va acompaà ±ada por otras enfermedades que impidan el proceso de aprendizaje. En general, si una persona es ciega el USCIS no le pedir que rinda el examen de inglà ©s escrito, pero le examinar oralmente. Tambià ©n se espera que aprenda las preguntas del examen de historia y cà ­vico. Si una persona es sorda, el USCIS puede pedir que utilice audà ­fonos, y si no puede o no son suficientes para que pueda escuchar o leer, se puede pedir que se haga el examen y se sea entrevistado con la ayuda de un intà ©rprete de lenguaje de sordos o incluso que se rinda el examen totalmente por escrito. Consideraciones a tener en cuenta y consejos sobre examen de naturalizacià ³n El ser analfabeto en el idioma nativo, en este caso en espaà ±ol o uno de los idiomas indà ­genas no es razà ³n suficiente para permitir no  rendir los exmenes. Si se tiene una discapacidad que no impide rendir el test de naturalizacià ³n pero que requiere ciertos acomodos, como es la necesidad de un intà ©rprete para sordos, se necesita solicitarlo al llenar  el N-400. Adems, en algunos casos,  en los que necesariamente hay que presentarse al examen, es posible rendir el examen en espaà ±ol. Finalmente, tener en cuenta que  en casos de necesidad econà ³mica la ley establece unas situaciones en las que se  califica  para no pagar tarifa por naturalizacià ³n. Es decir, es posible iniciar y finalizar todo el proceso sin tener que pagar las cuotas a Inmigracià ³n. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Police Brutality Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Police Brutality Law - Research Paper Example Besides, various states and regions have come up with their own police brutality laws. For example, in Minnessotta, Police brutality not only entails excessive use of force by police, but also entails; unnecessary gun use, beating civilians with fists, using batons to beat civilians, choking, unnecessary and inappropriate use of pepper spray, using police dogs inappropriately, body slamming against hard surfaces, abuse of the rights of a prisoner, and the unnecessary and inappropriate use of tasers by police (Johnson 26). Police brutality laws Police brutality laws not only apply to police officers, but also apply to sheriffs, detectives, security guards and many deputies. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) denotes that violations by law enforcement officers may be categorized under use of unwarranted excessive force, verbal abuse, racial-profiling, harassment and discrimination; however, all these subsections denote police abuse and brutality. Any police officer in the US who uses undue excessive force on civilians violates the 5th and 14th Amendments of the US Constitution. The Fifth Amendment is used by US courts when guarding against unreasonable searches and seizures in various police brutality cases. The 5th Amendment guarantees that civilians have freedom from any unreasonable searches and seizures. Using this amendment, judges and advocates have argued that law enforcement officers need not cause harm to citizens. The US Supreme Court states that the word ‘reasonable’ implies that various situations need various amounts of force, and as a result of this excessive force should in all circumstances be avoided. Apart from protecting against police brutality, the 5th Amendment also requires that no individual should be compelled to be one’s own witness in criminal proceeding (Mary 47). The Fourteenth Amendment requires that no state in the US shall enact and enforce laws that are repugnant to the privileges and immunities of Ameri can citizens. The 14th Amendment further states that no State has the right of depriving American Citizens liberty, life or property without following lawful procedures. This implies that all citizens are required to appear before judicial bodies whenever they are suspected to have contravened the law. Therefore, use of excessive force by police violates the 14th Amendment because it is a way of punishing civilians before they are actually tried before judicial systems (Walker, Spohn & Delone 49). Apart from the 4th and 14th Amendments, there are other laws that have been passed in the past, and these have ensured that police brutality should not be condoned. The 6th Amendment stipulates that people accused of criminal activities are accorded rights to an attorney, rights to speedy trials and impartial jury and right to confront or even cross-examine accusers. The 6th Amendment is helpful where the accused is beaten or forced to make a confession so that he can be prosecuted. This a mendment also protects individuals who are accused by use of evidence that culminated from illegal searches and seizures. The Eighth Amendment is important in that it protects all inmates from excessive force and unusual punishments. Therefore, whenever one is convicted of a crime, police brutality invokes the application of

BIOCHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BIOCHEMISTRY 2 - Assignment Example The process involves either an addition of a transforming group to one of the amino acids of the polypeptide chain or its proteolytic cleavage. The modifications comprise glycosylation, phosphorylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, proteolysis lipidation. The process of PTM is governed by enzymes such as transferases, kinases, ligases and phosphatises which act upon distinctive amino acid side chains or on the peptide linkages. The mechanism of action of these enzymes involves addition or removal of distinct functional groups, sugars, lipids, proteins etc. either from or to the amino acid side chains. 1. During the process of translation (e.g. disulfide bonding). Disulfide bonds are formed between the two sulphur molecules. Amino acid Cysteine contains sulphur, as a result disulfide bond is formed between two residues of cysteine (R-S-S-R). The bond formed is strong and plays an imperative role in accurate folding as well as stability of protein molecules. DNA is the basic genetic material which is made up of four nucleotides Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thiamine (T). Adenine always pair with Thiamine with a double Hydrogen bond while Guanine pairs with Cytosine with a triple Hydrogen bond. The process of transcription is responsible for the formation of messenger RNA or mRNA. This process takes place inside the nucleus in eukaryotes. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is responsible for the amino acid sequence of mRNAs which are translated into proteins. Transcription and translation involves the processes such as initiation, elongation and termination. The process of transcription involves RNA polymerase which is attached to the promoter sequence. When the protein is desired, the gene is â€Å"switched on† and when protein is not required the gene is â€Å"switched off†. Elongation is carried out after the assembly of PIC at the promoter site, TFIIH is similar to helicase which unwinds the DNA. Terminatio n

Lead Paint and Crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lead Paint and Crime - Research Paper Example Statistics indicate that approximately 38 million houses In the US were painted before the 1978 ban on lead paints (Seymour, 2010). This paper is a critical evaluation of Lead poisoning and its contribution towards antisocial behavior. Lead Poisoning Painting is a technical process, which ensures that an end product such as a house, vehicle, furniture, toys among others, get an appealing look, which is important while dealing with the dynamic nature of tastes and preferences in different individuals. However, not many people take time to question the integrity of the paints being used to satisfy their requirements either due to ignorance or due to sheer lack of interest. However, it is also common to find that in urban areas, where majority of people live in rental houses, it is difficult to establish the type of paint that has been used on the walls or other painted surfaces. Such people are susceptible to Lead poisoning especially if they are living in houses painted using Lead bas ed paints. Small children living in such surroundings are the worst affected especially if the paint has already started peeling off to the ground. This is due to the fact that they are identifiable with the habit of collecting and feeding on anything that comes their way especially while they are crawling on the floor (Seymour, 2010). The paint particles disintegrate into smaller particles after which they mix with the dust on the floor such that it becomes easy for the whole household to inhale them without noticing. In addition, the peelings from the roof and the walls can find their way onto the food and water that is not well covered after which unsuspecting persons can ingest them thereby putting them at risk. It is therefore not a wonder to find that CDC estimates indicate that more than 250000 children in the US suffered from Lead poisoning between 1997 and 2009. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), Lead concentration in the blood is considered dan gerous if it exceeds 10 micrograms per deciliter of blood. Lead is tasteless and it does not contain any peculiar smell and therefore, it is not easy for a layman to identify it. In addition, people who have ingested it do not show immediate signs and symptoms, which can trigger the urgency to seek medical attention. Instead, it continues to accumulate in the blood system and the bones thereby causing a slow progressive damage to vital organs in the body of the victim until such time when the body begins to react negatively to the poisoning. During this time, the affected person begins to portray symptoms such as; memory loss, erectile dysfunction, kidney failure, and muscle pains (Fancher, 2010). The affected person may also experience constant headaches, depression, and loss of appetite among others, which are common in adults. Young children exhibit some of the above mentioned symptoms and others such as vomiting, abdominal pains, mental disabilities and retarded growth whereby t he child takes long to master basic techniques such as talking. In general, Lead poisoning is highly damaging to some of the most important organs in a human body such as; the brain, kidney, the nervous system as well as the blood. Blood is highly important as it facilitates the transportation of oxygen to the brain and extreme organs such as the limbs (Fancher, 2010). Lead in the blood

Impact of Music Education and Issues Stopping its Implementation Essay

Impact of Music Education and Issues Stopping its Implementation - Essay Example Therefore, through this research I would like to find the answers to the following two questions:What are the effects of music on overall development of the brain including academics? Why is music education not taken seriously by educators and what are the reasons withholding them from implementing music education permanently?To answer the first question, there is a lot of secondary research available. Many experts and researchers in the field have already addressed the issue. Some researchers have conducted studies that show that there is a link between music and brain functioning. â€Å"Mozart effect† is a result of one such study. Studies have been conducted to identify specific effects such as effects of music on learning, reading skills, standardized tests, grade-point averages, etc. Therefore to answer this and prove my thesis that music has positive effects, I will depend primarily on secondary research. The sources that I will use are mentioned in the bibliography. Thi s is based on initial research and new resources will be added as after detailed research.Therefore I will concentrate more on primary research. This will involve conducting surveys and interviews of scholars in the field, both from music and education. The administration in educational institutions will be contacted and requested to take part and assist in the research so as to get to the bottom of the issue. If necessary, the participant’s privacy will be respected and their identity will be kept anonymous.

National Health Service - United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

National Health Service - United Kingdom - Essay Example The approach of the NHS is patient centric. The details of services carried out by the NHS are schematically given in a diagram provided on the web site of the organisation which at Figure 1. The NHS has a three tiered strategic structure. Thus at Tier 1 is the apex body of the Department of Health, UK which provides funding, directional support and other related functions. The Strategic Health Authorities are designed to manage and improve local services, while the Primary Care Trusts or PCTs assess local needs and organise care. The provision of health care has been divided into two phases. Phase 1 is providing primary care which comprises of services as that of GP Practices, Dentists, Opticians and pharmacists and so on. NHS Direct is also a part of Primay Care. Secondary Care caters for emergency and urgent care and is provided by various trusts such as the ambulance trust, NHS trust, mental care trust and care trusts. A detailed survey of the NHS is being carried out as per succeeding paragraphs to provide a better insight into its functioning and suitability for adoption of the suggested model of e governance. NHS is said to be a patient centric organization, thus patients are provided with dedicated care. However there is a general complaint that this is dependent on the area in which they live, as a result those in relatively far flung areas receive much less support than those located centrally near prominent places. Attempts are also being made for greater involvement of patients by encouraging them to make their own choices, reorganizing them as partners in the system to support health professionals and facilitate decision making through forums and foundation trusts. This has increased in greater outreach to patients.2 Ensuring Safety of Patients and Professionals There is a high need to ensure that patients are assured that the care they receive is safe and the best possible. The staff also has support of the system. This enables attaining high quality of health service, responsive to the needs of the people and provides the organisation and the people who are working within, freedom and support to work with confidence. A number of inititatives have been taken to achieve this to include the Star Rating system at the national level and encouraging staff to out report, "adverse incidents". This is done with a view to carry out analysis and share information through out the system. Reporting processes at the local level are evolved with clarity and for creating a system of, "clinical governance". Patient Choice The key to patient satisfaction in the NHS is Patient Choice. This provides them control over appointment dates and time to suit their work and family commitments. There is also a choice of place of treatment, of selecting a hospital where best possible treatment is available, with limited waiting list and appropriate availability of specialists. This also ensures that hospitals compete for patients by improving their services and in turn provide better service to patients.3 Information Information is the key to providing patients the choice for all aspects, which have been stated above, be it

City of the Beasts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

City of the Beasts - Essay Example The book is a magical journey into the heart of the jungle as well as Alex's journey towards self discovery under the most unexpected circumstances. Nadia and Alex both find their inner strengths through visions and their interactions with the tribe. Through their encounters with the "People of the Mist", City of the Beasts encourages readers to look beyond what is seen by the naked eye and listen beyond what the ears can hear. City of the Beasts clearly reveals that there is beauty even in the evil looking creatures and how people are easily swayed by outside appearance of individuals. Listening by the heart is also shown as a way to understanding things which cannot be fully grasped by our senses. The story also revolves on the painful realities of the worlds such as racial discrimination, catastrophic decisions on the environment, abuse of power, and corrupt officials. However, though the story is crafted with essential lessons it also has some pitfalls. The book drew a picture of the world based on popular clichs. All the modern persons in the story are depicted as destructive and tough, sometimes to the point of being inhumane.

The Term Media Convergence Media Essay

The Term Media Convergence Media Essay What is meant by the term media convergence with regard to technology, and how has it affected everyday life? Media convergence brings technologies such as a computing, and communication, together, which is very important in businesses today. This reach, makes the everyday lives of individuals easier since they now have much easier access to information on the things or products that they want and need. The combining of these different technologies, allows a longer more intuitive reach of businesses among its markets. Some industry leaders see media convergence as marking the letting go of the old media of print and broadcasting. Then the rise of the new media; this is what makes the world go around, now and days. We depend on way to much technology in todays society; that if one major thing broke, we would surely be hurting. Media convergence has affected everyday life by making news easier to access. Instead of needing to watch TV or read a magazine to learn the days events, you can now go to the TV stations website and get headlines in real time. Media convergence is not just a shift or a process; it also includes shifts within the industrial and social aspects, which encourage the consumer to seek out information. Convergence is how individual consumers interact with each other on a level and use different media platforms to create new and better experiences, new forms of media that connect us socially, and not just to other consumers, but to the have more producers of media in ways that have not been as accessible in the past. What is meant by the term media convergence with regard to business, and how has it affected everyday life? Media convergence means that the lines are getting blurred between the traditional forms of media and they are almost becoming one. A decade ago, there were clear differences between different print media, TV, the internet in general. Now look at things: News papers and TV have web sites. Those web sites deliver news in almost real time complete with moving video and feeds formatted for smart phones. Movies are now available streaming on the internet TV shows are now available streaming on the internet. Viewers can participate in TV shows in real time via social media. Things are all converging into one big mass media. The electricity of the gadgets affects your focus, and it would let you sleep tight. The media convergence is something that the suppliers should offer cheap and not expensive to swindle the public. Faster speed would not give you faster delivery to your clients. Long calls are not mindful, stay tuned all day to the TV, wont give you better relationships, instead, you will become obese, lazy and full of debts , buying all the stuff of the advertising. These are just some ways that media convergence could affect in todays society. I am sure there are other ways of explaining this, but I find it a hard question to answer all the way around; considering being in a business model environment; is something I have yet to be in, so far. What are some of the issues that result from dependency on modern media? Describe at least three issues. High level of inaccuracies seems to be a major fault in the media today. This is where we get falsified information; and we tend to grasp a hold to that information as if it were the truth. According to various different studies, a large percentage of the public find error in the news stories of their daily news stories. This happens more than once in a week, while more see spelling mistakes, more often than usual. Also another large percentage of individuals, have found to become wearier of their local news and news papers. Poor coverage of important issues is another factor that plays a role in how media is affecting us negatively in the world. Our main focus should be the environment, economy, the government, education, etc. But the media tends to stray away from a lot of the good in this and just report the bad. I am guessing the bad is what is good for ratings? It seems that the major news and magazines have declined, while entertainment and actors/actresses have doubled. The me dia tends to have a short attention span as well. Seems now and days, in our society, the news media are more focused on news that isnt as important to their viewers. And they seem to ignore serious problems for a long period of time, and then they finally notice. Once they notice they try to get a solution to resolve the issue, and it is not easily fixed, and once again it gets ignored. How does media literacy help with responsible media consumption? Media Literacy A definition and framework for media literacy comes from Wikipedia. Powerful Voices for Kids Summer Media Literacy Program Media literacy is the process of accessing, analyzing, evaluating and creating messages in a wide variety of forms. It uses an inquiry-based instructional model that encourages people to ask questions about what they watch, see and read. Media literacy education is one means of developing media literacy. It provides tools to help people critically analyze messages to detect propaganda, censorship, and bias in news and public affairs programming (and the reasons for such), and to understand how structural features such as media ownership, or its funding model affect the information presented. Media literacy aims to enable people to be skillful creators and producers of media messages, both to facilitate an understanding as to the strengths and limitations of each medium, as well as to create independent media. Media literacy is an expanded concept ualization of literacy. By transforming the process of media consumption into an active and critical process, people gain greater awareness of the potential for misrepresentation and manipulation (especially through commercials and public relations techniques), and understand the role of mass media and participatory media in constructing views of reality. Media literacy educators strive to address a balance between protection and empowerment. Protectionist approaches to media literacy emphasize the need to be aware of the negative aspects of mass media and popular culture, including the dangers and risks of online social media. Empowerment approaches emphasize building media awareness, promoting critical analysis of media texts, tools and technologies, and using image, language, sound and digital media for self-expression, communication and social advocacy. Media literacy educators have neither utopian nor dystopian views about the potential of digital and social media to transform K-12 education. They emphasize the both value of analyzing media texts, tools and technologies and the practice of composing using multimedia forms, genres and technologies.

The Causes Of World War 2 History Essay

The Causes Of World War 2 History Essay World War 2 was a global military conflict that lasted for nearly 6 years and resulted in heavy losses for all that were involved all over the world. In this paper I will express my opinion on what I feel were two crucial attributes of the Second World War; why it was fought and how it affected the entire world. World War II (1939-1945) World War II thus far, has been the deadliest and bloodiest war to date. More than 38 million people died by the end of the war, many of them innocent civilians. It was also the most destructive war in our current history. The fighting raged on in many parts of the world, with the brunt of it being in Europe and Japan. More than 50 nations took part in this war, which changed the world forever. For Americans, World War II had a clear-cut purpose; they were fighting to defeat tyranny. Most of Europe had been conquered by Nazi Germany, which was under the evil control of Adolf Hitler. The war in Europe began with Germanys unprecedented invasion of Poland in 1939. It seemed that wherever the Nazi army went, they came down with a vengeance on the Jews of that area. They also went after anyone that didnt fit in to their idea of the Master Race, Aryans. In Asia and the Pacific, the Japanese armies invaded countries and islands. On December 7, 1941, The Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Within hours the U.S. Congress declared war against Japan, plunging the U.S. headfirst into World War II. What Were the Causes of World War 2? Many historians today believe that some of the causes of World War II can be traced to World War I (1914-1918). Americans had fought in that earlier war to Make the world safe for Democracy. Those were the words and goals of President Woodrow Wilson (President from 1913 to 1921). However, the peace treaties that ended World War I seemed only to create in many people and governments, bitterness and anger that eventually boiled over and helped instill the inevitable beginnings of World War II. Germany and its allies had been defeated in World War I. Germany was ordered to hand over one sixth of its territory and forced to pay huge reparations (payments by a defeated country for the destruction it caused in a war). After World War I, Germany suffered from high unemployment and uncontrollable inflation which made the German money become almost worthless. A League of Nations was set up after World War I to help try to keep the peace, however, the United States did not join, and other countries were too busy with their own problems to concern themselves with Germany and other trouble spots. As the 1930s came about, the world was hit by an economic depression. Workers all over the world lost their jobs, world trade fell off, and times were extremely hard all around. The citizens of the world were looking for leaders that could bring them the change they so desperately wanted and needed. There were numerous causes to the War itself; however, the most important cause in my opinion was World War 1 in and of itself. After the First World War, the actively involved nations were divided into two groups; the Allied Powers, formed by France, British Empire, Russian Empire, United States of America etc. and the Central Powers, which consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and others of the like that were not on the winning end of the war. The Treaty of Versailles; a peace treaty which followed the end of World War 1, held Germany responsible for the war and put many harsh penalties on Germany, including military restrictions and disarmament of their country. They were also to pay a rather large fine and make substantial territorial concessions to the Allied Powers. After the end of World War I, Germany saw the rise of Adolf Hitler and his concept of Nazism (National Socialism, later converted to the National Socialist German Workers Party, NSDAP) both of which became quite popular in 1930s. Nazism was a form of Socialism, and totally different from Marxism, which was typically characterized by racism and expansionism. National Socialism calls for obedience to a strong leader, so Adolf Hitler portrayed himself as that strong leader. While Germany witnessed the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazism, Italy witnessed the rise of Benito Mussolini and Fascism. Fascism is formed by violence, racism and totalitarianism. Both of these concepts are quite similar to each other and this portrayed Hitler and Mussolini as the leaders of the war against the Allied Powers. In the 1930s, the United States found itself largely concerned with the domestic economic troubles of the Great Depression, even as international crises loomed in Europe and Asia. Benito Mussolini, the dictator of Italy, had begun waging a war in Ethiopia using chemical weapons, such as mustard gas, and slaughtering thousands of innocent people. A violent and brutal civil war raged in Spain, staging General Francisco Francos fascists against a variegated alliance of Communists and Democrats. Josef Stalin had risen to absolute power in Russia after imprisoning and executing several of his political enemies. Downtrodden Germans had rallied around Adolf Hitler, their new hero and leader, who called for Aryan deliverance after Germanys humiliation in World War I and launched an aggressive campaign to unify the German race throughout Europe. Meanwhile, in the East, Japan had invaded Manchuria and was threatening to conquer China because they were, at the time, virtually unchecked by Weste rn powers, who were preoccupied with problems closer to home. Through the troubled years of the late 1930s, Americans did everything they possibly could to avoid being drawn into these growing conflicts abroad. In the end, staying out of World War II proved impossible; by the middle of 1941, President Roosevelt had committed American ships to an undeclared naval war with Germany in the North Atlantic, and on 7 December 1941 any question of Americas further neutrality in the conflict ended with the mortifying surprise attack by the Japanese against the American naval station at Pearl Harbor. What Were some the Effects of World War 2? Even though the effects of World War I were bad, the effects of World War II were even worse in comparison. The number of people who were left homeless paled in correlation to the number of lives lost on both sides of the war. However, World War 2 also marked the end of dictatorship in Europe, and launched the United States and Soviet Union as the super powers of the world. It also resulted in the formation of the United Nations, an organization formed to promote peace and security throughout the world. The Paris Peace Treaty signed on February 10th, 1947, allowed nations like Italy, Bulgaria and Finland to resume as sovereign states in international affairs, thus allowing them to become members of the United Nations. This Treaty also included provisions for the repayment for the cost of the war, and for the aid in repairing the devastation to many nations, cities and towns, as well as post war territorial adjustments. Several European and Asian countries had to bear the brunt of the Second World War, when the territorial borders of European countries were redrawn. The biggest beneficiary, in terms of territorial expansion, was the Soviet Union which annexed parts of Finland, Poland, Japan, Germany and some independent states to its territories. The worst affected nation over all, was Germany, which was divided into four parts controlled individually by; France, The United States of America, Soviet Union and Great Britain. While the first plans put forth by the United States for Germany were very harsh, they were refined after it was realized that the revival of Europe was not possible without the revival of the German industrial base. Everything was not all right though, as it was World War 2 which laid the foundation for Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, which lasted for a period of 44 years (1947-1991). As far as the economic effects of World War 2 are concerned, it did have some positives but they were by no means a match for the chaos this war created. The numerous jobs created during the war brought an end to the crisis of unemployment during the Great Depression. While those industries which manufactured various products required during the war flourished, other industries suffered a major setback. The European economy was almost brought to a standstill during the Second World War. It took quite a few years for the world to revive after the war came to an end in 1945. After all was said and done, in the end as many as 24,000,000 soldiers and 49,000,000 civilians lost their lives on both the sides. An Ever Changing World. Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945, ending the war in Europe. The war in the Pacific did not end until after the U.S. dropped two atomic bombs on Japan the only time such bombs were ever used in war. Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had led the U.S. in wartime, did not live to see peace, however, in a speech written but never delivered, he spoke of the need to preserve peace: Today we are faced with the preeminent [above all other] fact that, if civilization is to survive, we must cultivate the science of human relationships the ability of all peoples, of all kinds, to live together and work together in the same world, at peace.

A Lesson Before Dying :: essays research papers

A Lesson Before Dying I thought that the book A Lesson Before Dying was all right overall. I think Ernest Gaines did a good job with the plot but the idea of the book was not to interesting to me. A book about a black man becoming a man on his way to the electric chair is a very dull plot to me. I give Gaines credit for making the book semi-interesting even though the plot was terrible. Personally after reading Things Fall Apart and Song of Solomon I was looking for a little more action in this book. Those two books were ten times better than A Lesson Before Dying so I can say that I was probably expecting too much. A Lesson Before Dying has a superb depiction of the theme â€Å"you can’t judge a book by its cover†. Grant went to help Jefferson with a notion that Jefferson was sewer trash and he would not learn anything from this situation. In the end Grant was wrong because he learned a lot from his short relationship with Jefferson. Grant had certain feelings for Jefferson he never had for a man before. They became real close friends and talked about a lot of things. I really like how they portrayed this theme throughout the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book each character had their own characteristics and personality. There was something special about each character in the book. Each of them had their strong points and weak points for example Grant was always running away from his problems. There were a lot of things in his life that he could not handle and he just wanted to run away. He didn’t know what to do about Jefferson at first and wondered why he had to teach him. He didn’t really know how to handle his job as teacher in the Quarter. He couldn’t make his mind up about God so he just decided to leave it alone. Aunt Emma was a very strong character in the book. She would do almost anything to help Jefferson before he died. She begged to the Guidry’s on several occasion to help Jefferson feel more comfortable while he was in jail. She begged Grant for his help even though Grant did not want to help Jefferson. She got Mose Ambrose and Grant to finally work together to help Jefferson instead of always arguing.

Effects Of A Non-Traditional Family On Children Essay -- Family Studie

A family helps mold each person into who they eventually will become. The family is a guide for the success of a child's future. The stability of family creates a building block for how the child will progress throughout life. When parents divorce, the children are left with no stability causing them to lose basic concepts of childhood that may carry with them throughout life. Children of divorced parents have less success and happiness creating less productive citizens in our nation. Watching parents take a home from a traditional family lifestyle to a "broken" home by getting a divorce is very devastating to a child's mental well-being. As Judith Seltzer notes, "Recent reviews summarize evidence that children are emotionally distressed by parents' separation. Young children, especially, are depressed and anxious, and they feel torn by loyalties to both parents" (283). While some researchers believe "[p]arental divorce is associated with substantial short-term elevations in children's emotional distressÂ…, [t]here is a great deal of evidenceÂ…that for some youths divorce remains problematic throughout adolescence" (Aseltine 133). In my personal experience with parental divorce, depression was a major distress. My parents divorced when I was a junior in high school living in a small town. One month after the divorce I moved to a new city by myself for two months, and then my mother moved. I was very much without parental supervision for the rest of my life. My mother was there for me when I asked, but I took care of myself. I did not start experiencing depression until I was in college and dealing with the normal stresses of working too much, taking fifteen hours of classes, and involved in a serious relationship. These ... ...o witness the separation of their parents and are put through many changes within life tend to be more susceptible to depression creating less productivity for society. Children of divorced parents also have a harder time learning and paying attention in the classroom which will set them behind their peers creating more difficulty being successful later in life. As previously stated, as children develop into teenagers and young adults they have a more open view of premarital sex than their peers. They tend to fear marriage more than other young adults from traditional homes. This can create more difficulty with success due to what they may incur from the choices of premarital sex or choosing to live single. With the growing rate of divorce and more children facing these challenges our society is threatened by citizens being less capable of helping our nation succeed.

Marriage vs. Single Life Essay

Living a single life can be significantly different from being married. A marriage traditionally marks the beginning of a family; on the other hand, usually being single means that having a different solo life. A single person would have more independence than a married person. The differences between single and married life range from very small to very large, but there are few core contrasts that show the main differences between the two lifestyles. One of the significant differences between married and single life is freedom. People who are married, their life would be much busier than people’s who are single. Married people have to take care of their children and their partners, while single people do not have family. For instance, if married people want to go out with their friend, they must get permission from their partners, before they go with their friend, whereas single people can spend their time with their friends anywhere and anytime they want. Married people might keep their job and their relationship might be outstanding, but from their wedding onward they must always think as a husband and wife. The decisions they make affect their future together. The things they buy have an impact on both of their finances. Everything they do must be considered from their husband’s or wife’s point of view. When people are single, they only have to consider their own interests when making decisions, but they are also short the emotional support that makes hard decisions easier to accept. The second difference between married and single people is free time. Being married is a lot like a second job. They have to work at it for it to be successful. Married couples need dedicated time to communicate with one another and help each other with their emotional and physical stress. Read more: Essay of Marriage and Single Life They tend to hang out with their spouses more than they hang out with groups of friends. This is not to mean that they lose their friends, but they do tend to spend more time at home with one another than they do out and about. Single people have time for themselves; therefore, they can choose to spend it with their friends, and they can go on weekend outings or just stay home to playing video game. Married couples may choose to do some things either together or separately, but usually with each other’s approval, while single people may choose to do some things by themselves. The third difference between single and married people life is the financial responsibility. Married people have more dependent on and responsibilities for their partner, while single people tend to be more independent, and they have much less responsibility. For example, I am single; I am responsible for one person; myself. If I lose my job, I am the only person who is going to suffer. However, married people have family, so they need to think about and see with their family, before they make any major decisions. Because married people have their spouse and children to care for, this requires a serious promise. This means that day to day decision making is slightly harder for married people than it is for single people. Also, people who are married split their income of each other, so they can solve their financial problems easily than single person. To conclude, the married life and the single life are totally different in three aspects: the way of us freedom, free time, and financial responsibility. In my view, married life is better than single life because married people distribute their problems, and they can solve their problems with the different opinions of one another.

Research Indicates Essay

Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life. Every people in our life born with some parametrics, like health, mental power and another ones. Some people think that the initial characteristics influence on our development and personality. I agree with it, but I think that any experience in our life have more impact too. Let us consider it. First of all, people learn anything during whole life. When people born they learn how to eat, how to move, how to read, write and another. All of these depend on our life experience, not on our characteristics. Secondly, each time when we make mistake, we try to analyze why it happened and how to prevent mistakes like this. We are developing according our mistakes. Also, parents have greatest influence on their children personality as from the early ages they teach children every aspects of life. Parents explain to their children what is right, what is wrong. According to this, children develop their positive or negative worldview. Also person who has good characteristics will study, work hard and develop his experience it will influence his development in life. In conclusion, I believe that the life experience has a great influence on our character and the man is never too old to learn. Is your memory changing with age? People who believe they have a poor memory are usually no worse at remembering than whose who believe they have a good memory. One theory for this is that people are influenced by their general beliefs about how memory changes with age. If you believe your memory will get worse as you grow older, you will pay more attention to memory failures and each bout of forgetfulness will reinforce your belief that your memory is getting worse. Common everyday memory failures tend to be judged more harshly when these failures belong to an older person. A large scale study over a ten year period found that cognitive decline is not a normal part of aging for most elderly people. 70% of the adults in the study showed no decline in memory. What has been found is that there are factors that may affect memory in older adults. These are high blood pressure, obesity and smoking. Is your memory changing with age?

A prose analysis of sonnet xix, Speaks also of Miltons blindness

A prose analysis of sonnet xix, Speaks also of Miltons blindness John Milton, a poet who was completely blind in 1651 wrote 'Sonnet XIX' in 1652; this sonnet is his response to his loss of sight. The theme of the sonnet is the loss and regain of primacy of experience. Milton offers his philosophical view on animism and God. Furthermore, 'Sonnet XIX' explores Milton's faith and relationship with God. 'Sonnet XIX' suggests that man was created to work and not rest. The supportive details, structure, form, and richness of context embodies the theme. The sonnet goes through two phases: the first phase is Milton's question addressed to God, 'Why me?' he asked. Then, the second phase offers a resolution to Milton's dilemma. Moreover, the sonnet acts as a self-poem to Milton, himself. In the beginning of the sonnet, Milton suggests that his primacy of experience have been deferred when he became blind. The words, 'dark', 'death', and 'useless' (lines 2-4) describe the emotional state of Milton.His blindness created a shrouded clarity withi n his mind. Line three, 'And that one talent which is death to hide' is an allusion to the biblical context of the bible. Line three refers to the story of Matthew XXV, 14-30 where a servant of the lord buried his single talent instead of investing it. At the lord's return, he cast the servant into the 'outer darkness' and deprived all he had. Hence, Milton devoted his life in writing; however, his blindness raped his God's gift away. A tremendous cloud casted over him and darkened his reality of life and the world. Like the servant, Milton was flung into the darkness. Line seven, 'Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?' describes the limitations and burdens of a person who has lost his sense of place in life. Obviously, Milton is making a reference to his blindness in...

Couple Plan to Clone a Baby essays

Couple Plan to Clone a Baby essays My article is about one couple, Bill and Kthy, who want to have a baby cloned for them. Bill and Kathy have tried to have a baby for almost ten years. But after all the fertility drugs and artificial insemination there has been no luck so they want to clone their first child. Bill and Kathhy say they know the risks involved in cloning a baby. Bill says that if they were not to give birth to an abnormal child and if complications occurred then they would "about" the process. This already is a very controversial issue and now they are saying that they would have an abortion. When asked about the other ways on getting a child other than cloning, adoption, Bill and Kathy responded by saying "you can adopt a child from oversees, what happens is by the time you get a baby, they've been so messed up in the orphanage where they are that you are taking on a health hazard." My opinion is this is stupid. This couple just wants to be in the center of the spotlight by cloning a child. You can easily adopt a baby without going to another country or without the baby having been in an orphanage. The couple said that the clone would be of Kathy. Well if everything worked out then it would someday look identical to her. When a baby is born he/she has it's own unique look. Babies look like both mother and father and this baby is going to have all the mother's characteristics. This child will grow up out of place being the first clone human and that could destroy her for the rest of her life. ...

Why I Admire Aaliyah essays

Why I Admire Aaliyah essays A young talented New York born star ready to shine was named Aaliyah, and with the help of her parents her voice matured vocally. Destined and being confident in all that she did, Aaliyah began singing in church and plays at school as well in advancing her career up by acting. Her positive image made her a role model to all because she was a hard-worker, very talented and intelligent. Many admire Aaliyah because she is a total package, and like her song she is One in a Million. Aaliyah was very intellectual and one hundred and ten percent was put into everything she accomplished. In addition, she excelled in her academics greatly by graduating from Detroit Fine and Performing Arts High School with a three point eight grade point average. Aaliyah was a perfectionist and she never gave up, and with God by her side she conquered everything essential in bettering her career. She has inspired young adolescents to surpass in school academically like she did, and to take life more serious. In fact, she sang in the choir at church, sang in school plays, and took vocal lessons to express her love in music. Aaliyahs awards and success has showed how well prepared she was in following her one true dream in being a singer. She set a good example for adolescents everywhere wanting to follow in her steps or to pursue another dream by using their talents and always give as much effort as possible. Aaliyahs name means the highest, the best in Arabic and that is what she was the best role model for anyone. Aaliyahs talents flourished greatly not just by singing, but also by dancing, and acting which led her to be number one at a young age. Even so, at the tender age of ten Aaliyah began performing professionally and this opened doors for her. Aaliyah was a little girl with a big heart and a voice good enough to sing with Gladys ...

Dubailand Final Case Study Essays

Dubailand Final Case Study Essays Dubailand Final Case Study Essay Dubailand Final Case Study Essay Essay Topic: Orlando The oil and natural gas industry in the AJAX has allowed Dubbed to pull in investors from neighboring countries in the region, as well as significant human and social capital, giving the city even more fuel for excessive growth. Dubbed is now a global leader in trade, travel, and business, and it is using its competitive advantages in order to diversify its strengths into a variety of businesses and industries. Through its convenient location, its oil and gas assets, and its diverse human capital, Dubbed has positioned itself as the center Of world trade not only in the Middle East, but worldwide. It is no surprise that Dubbed has been able to use its central location in order become a major player in both the shipping and aviation industries. The AJAX was able construct the largest port on the Persian Gulf which made the region a great cargo hub in the Middle East and stimulated trade with China. Dubbed has also established one of the largest airports in the world and accommodates over 60 million flying passengers per year. Because of Tubas prime location and ease of access, it is now a hot spot for luxury, leisure, and tourism. The vast growth in business and tourism in Dubbed make the city an excellent place for investors in the retail, entertainment, and real estate industries to spend their money. Dubbed is now filled with lavish stores, restaurants, and nightclubs. The citys magnificent skyscrapers and extraordinary hotels and real estate are now as impressive as any in the world, and Dubbed will continue to use what it has built in order to keep expanding and drawing in tourism money from all over the world. While Tableland was in some ways inspired by Disneyland, there were numerous differences between the two, most of which were driven by the different conditions and environments. While Disney was an already successful private enterprise in the largest free market economy and its Florida project, Disneyland was led by it. Disney chose the site in Florida for its year round temperate weather, access infrastructure and existing tourism industry. No doubt, state government hospitality to the project would have been a factor in the decision as well and perhaps the State government in Florida encouraged the project and acted as a supportive partner. Disneyland Orlando also had an advantage in having a proven model in its California Disneyland in a fairly similar market both destinations would aim mainly at American Family holidaymakers from the region, making demand prediction and consumer behavior a little more predictable than if the project were based elsewhere in the world. Tableland on the other hand, was a project being led and driven by the oil rich Emirate of Tubas political leadership. This was one of many enormous development projects in the region that were mimed at building a non oil economy on which the AAU could depend in the post fossil fuel future. It had succeeded in establishing itself and Dubbed in particular as a tourism, business and trading hub and was determined to scale those aspects of its economy up, massively. The Emirs controlled the United Emirates with unopposed authority and with immense oil capital which they were able to use to aggressively develop their infrastructure. The Arab leadership represented the Arab population that was now only 5% of the people in Dubbed, for example which was filled with expatriate workers aging advantage of the low tax and fast growth environment and contributing to the burgeoning economy of the Emirate. The Emirs protected the local interests and took every advantage possible of talent, capital and expertise from around the world while expertly strategists and managed their economy. While they bull a cosmopolitan culture to attract and retain this talent as well as tourism, the deeper sensibilities were steeped in Islamic and Arab tradition and formality. The site for the project would by definition be in an area with Oppressive heat through the year and an unremarkable Netscape apart from pristine sand dunes. Sheikh Maximum, the Crown Prince of Dubbed would develop this area while also developing the access infrastructure around it including road and air travel and hotels. It would also face the task of building massive water desalination capabilities for the area and ensure a global marketing operation beyond comparison. Its long term success would be dependent on attracting enough visitors (1 5 million per year was the target) most of whom would be international tourists. While the government would focus on these aspects the Tableland business model mimed at building private partnerships and attracting developers who would build portions of the project or through leases where private companies would operate particular attractions or facilities and stores. This public- Private partnership model enabled the project to be enormously scalable and created opportunities for investment but would lack some of the control that Disney would have on its own, owned projects like the one in Orlando. Tourism itself was the center of Tubas plans to move away from its dependency on oil. Its lack of cultural, historic or natural attractions meant ours would revolve around amusement, shopping and a wide variety of activities. Therefore Tableland was a part of the initiative to build the area as the worlds leading tourism hub. Disneyland on the other hand aimed to capitalize on existing tourism traffic and further build on it. The brand that was being sold to potential visitors also had its subtle differences. The Disneyland brand is centered on the magic of Disney itself and its rich portfolio of stories, characters and inescapable multi-media content that American consumers were constantly exposed to. The sense Of anticipation bout Disneyland would therefore be significant and while it created expectations it created the possibility for modernization. Tableland on the other hand would have to build an entirely new brand for itself and this would be based on the sheer scale and unparalleled variety on offer. It would attractive to Asian and European tourists for its accessibility and short flying distance, lower cost than the options in those geographies and for having options for every possible type of person and therefore family member. It would position itself as a self contained destination with every leisure facility imaginable. Perhaps related, Disney kept the project secret until launch to prevent real estate escalation in the area while they were still acquiring land for the project. They would be able to attract tourists after the project had been fully built. Tableland on the other hand depended on actively promoting the project around the world while it was even in its nascent stages, to be able to attract investors and to build, phase by phase, visibility to attract tourists. The Sheikh of Dubbed has played a major role in development of Dubbed. He had vision and tact to maneuver his extravagant plan for Dubbed awards success while at the same time keeping in mind the conservative fabric of his society. His development model was based on the end goal of reducing Tubas dependence oil revenues. Due to factor conditions, Middle Eastern countries have abundant oil reserves and oil trade contributes a majority percentage to their total revenue. Due to this advantage, middle- eastern countries are reaping tremendous monetary benefits and will continue to do so till their oil reserves are not depleted. These benefits have soloed them into focusing all their attention to the oil and gas sector. However, in the long run, their core competency will transform into core rigidity. And thats exactly what The Sheikh of Dubbed plans to not let happen. He has used different factor conditions available in his region to diversify economic activities. Development of ports and transforming Dubbed Into an aviation hub are some of his initiatives. At the same time, with tough citizenship and ownership laws, he has made sure to not neglect the original inhabitants on the region. And it is these tough laws that foreign individuals and firms should evaluate prior to investing in Dubbed. Foreign nationals have been known to be imprisoned for breaking Seas very stringent laws. Financial default is punishable by imprisonment. Pathetic labor conditions may result in negative publicity for investors. The war on terrorism has created a political turmoil in the region. Dubbed, till now, has not been directly affected by this turmoil but its proximity makes it vulnerable. The Dubbed government should look at other similar cases of Disneys venture into Paris and Hong Kong and how those didnt live up to expectations. The non SUCCess Of similar endeavors in regions other than USA points to a ultra difference. It may be possible that amusement parks are not an attractive option for Asians and Europeans. And since US citizens constitute only 5% of total tourists flowing into Dubbed, Tableland may end up facing similar struggles. Also, their projected figure on visitors at mill annually is way higher than the expected mill capacity of Dubbed airport. The infrastructure will also have to be upgraded to meet the expected demand. Due to the ongoing turmoil in the middle-east, it will be a difficult in attracting American tourists into Dubbed. Dubbed can also amend its visa laws with orgasm such as visa on arrival for certain regions to boost tourism. The negative publicity received due to poor labor working conditions will have an influence on the inflow of foreign investment. Power generation may become an issue and Dubbed may fall short of meeting future demand. Dubbed should invest in solar energy and utilize the ample sunlight its surface receives. Porters Diamond non SUcceSS of similar endeavors in regions other than ASSAI points to a similar struggles.

Why is there poverty in rich countries Research Paper

Why is there poverty in rich countries - Research Paper Example Some countries are doing a lot to reduce the cases of poverty though they have not fully succeeded. In this case, this study tries to explain the existences of poverty in rich countries. It, also, describes the challenges of poverty globally. Adeola (2005) explains that poverty is a challenging situation where a family or an individual cannot attain the living standards of his or her society. Definition of poverty, however, varies some explains that poverty is the lack of funds though poverty is a greatest problem in a society. For example, we think that poverty is meant by having little or no money to spend or paying bills. However, poverty is more than what many of us perceive because it affects person’s life, causing a wide range of problems such as poor health and illiteracy. Poverty brings in social problems to the community such as crime, drug abuse, and suicide. Studies by Grant and Vidler (256) explain poverty in two different ways, absolute poverty and relative poverty. At this stage, a person is described to be in absolute poverty when his or her income is not enough to acquire basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing. On the other hand, relative poverty is when an individual is poor as compared to other people. Rich countries do have people without basic needs such as housing. For example, according to Grant and Vidler (256), there were almost 1600 people sleeping outside as per the statistics in the year 2000 in England. The authors point that such cases are more in the developing countries. Relative poverty, as described above, is a situation where a person is poor as compared to other people. For example, some people can afford, accommodation, television, but may lack video player and besides, they may only afford to travel once in a week. However, such individuals might be considered rich if they were citizens of developing countries. This shows the difference

A Personal Matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Personal Matter - Essay Example In spite of the fact that Bird is considered further on as an existential hero, his life wanderings and life searching for his self-identity can be referred to realists. The issue of existentialism in the Eastern culture is not properly studied. More often researchers and philosophers were focused on the issues of spirituality and religion in Japanese literature, but not on the existential issues. Oe confesses that he was greatly influenced by the works of French philosopher Sartre. Therefore, it is interesting to find out existential basis of the main character of the novel by Oe. At first Bird is represented as an escaper, the man who wants to escape from his family, his problems and his country and rush into African jungles. His existential wanderings in his inner world should be separated from his adventurous spirit. Still, it is interesting to trace existential and realistic aspects of Bird’s life. ... These â€Å"falls† into the past for Sartre coincide with â€Å"descend into the darkness† for Bird. Thus, one of the basic concepts for existentialists, such as death is interpreted by Bird in the best traditions of existentialism. Another concept â€Å"freedom† mean "openness, readiness to grow, flexibility, and changing in pursuit of greater human values" for existentialists (Yoshida, 1995). The ability to choose is the crucial issue of this concept. Freedom is accompanied by responsibility. This principle is reflected by Bird. At first he is tortured by his inability to make a right choice. Firstly, he prefers life of his child, then he escapes from this monstrous child-vegetable and finally he changes his mind claiming that a child has a right to live. Thus, in terms of existentialism, Bird goes through a thorny path from freedom of choice to his responsibility (Havel, 2002). The fundamental principle for existentialists is the absence of God. Bird does not believe in God himself as well. The existence in the absurd world is the largest existentialist problem. Bird is not referred by his name throughout the novel; he has only a nickname. It looks as if this man is thrown into an absurd world and is subjected to eternal sufferings. Throughout the novel Bird wants to escape from reality (Schneider and Gabriel, 1999). Moreover, it looks as if Bird goes around in circles: at first he wants to escape from his family and nation, but lastly he finally returns to these two basic pillars of his life (Schneider and Gabriel, 1999). Still, it may be argued that existential nature of Bird can be questioned. The readers are fascinated while observing a life struggle of Bird. Moreover, opponents

Total SA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Total SA - Essay Example The investors generate dividends from their investments. Investors receive dividends based on the prior year’s net income performance. With higher net income, the investors will automatically receive higher dividends (Warren, 2009). Further, the investors can also generate gains from the selling of their TOTAL SA investments (Crosson, 2011). If the investors are able to sell their investments at a bid price that is higher than the investors’ cost of investing in the TOTAL SA stocks, the investors generate gains. When economic depression or unfavorable economic constraints crop up, the investors may be persuaded to sell their investments in TOTAL SA investments at prices at an amount that is lower than the investment price. When this occurs, the investors generate stock exchange losses (DuBrin, 2009). TOTAL SA Company’s structure in relation the organisation’s goals, aims and objectives. The TOTAL SA organisation structure fittingly enhances the accomplishm ent of organizational s goal, aims and objectives (Daft, 2011). With more investors, the amount of investment is higher. The investors’ money plus TOTAL SA Company’s use of long term loans increase the amount of assets. The TOTAL SA Company maximizes the total assets to generate revenues (Weetman, 2006). Further, the stockholders’ investments and loans ensure accomplishment of the company’s goal, aims and objectives (Ferrrell, 2010). The company is able to establish oil and natural gas exploration development contracts in different strategic locations around the world. The cash inflows from loans and stockholders’ investments are successfully used to refine petrochemicals. The same finance amounts are used to manufacture the chemical product needs of the TOTAL SA Company’s current and future customers (Nutt, 2010). Specifically, the TOTAL SA Company specicalises in selling elastomer-based products (Total, 2012). The company also sells adhesi ve products. Another major product of TOTAL SA Company is classified as electroplating items. The bulk of the company’s profitable products falls under the petroleum market segment. The investments are used to foster company’s trading and shipping of petroleum chemical finished goods (products). Moreover, the investments and loan amounts are used to sell the finished goods (Baumol, 2009). The raw petroleum extracts are processed into finished goods. The TOTAL SA Company finished goods include the top selling Liquefied Petroleum Gas products. Another finished product is home heating gas. A third finished product is asphalt petroleum products. The fourth finished good type, asphalt, is used in the paving of the highways and smaller roads. The fifth finished good classification, lubricants, is a very popular lubricating product group (Total, 2012). Further, the investments and loans are used to generate a big share of the global energy market segment. The funds are used t o realize generating an increase of 2.5 percent production output every year (Total, 2012). The funds are used to maximize the company’s scarce asset resources. The scarce resources are used to expand the oil production facilities (Fabozzi, 2011). The company continues to set up new oil production facilities in new oil fields. The investments and loans are used to quickly set into motion cost reduction activities. With cost reduction, the