Criticism on mass media found in Stones Natural Born Killers Research Paper

Criticism on mass media found in Stones Natural Born Killers - Research Paper Example The two attractive serial killers have already killed 52 people in the course of three weeks when the story of the movie starts. Both of them gain fame through Wayne Gale, a sensationalistic journalist, and host of the tabloid TV-show American Maniacs. After being bitten by a rattlesnake and searching for anti-venom in a convenience store, Mickey and Mallory get arrested by the police at and end up in prison. After some time Wayne Gale arranges an interview with Mickey, which should be broadcasted right after the Superbowl. The interview provokes a riot between the inmates and the prison guards, giving Mickey and Mallory the chance to flee. Wayne is coming with them and is filming the entire jailbreak. After killing Wayne and leaving his, still recording, camera behind as evidence, they begin a new life. In the end they are shown in a mobile home with two little kids and another one on its way. Even though the road, the route 666 to be precise, is displayed in the first part of the m ovie and in the very end, Natural Born Killers is not by definition a road movie. The Oxford dictionary (2010: 1536) defines a road movie as â€Å"a film of a genre in which the main character is travelling, either in flight or on a journey of self-discovery†. Even though self discovery surely is part of the reason why Mickey and Mallory travel around - which can be seen in the scene where Mallory throws away her old clothes, and with that leaves her childhood behind (Stone, Natural Born Killers, 1994: 0:19h) - that is not the main topic the movie is about.

Furniture industry analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Furniture industry analysis - Essay Example Therefore, our business will aim at closing the gap by providing them with well refurbished furniture at a lower cost. With the increasing level of globalization that is being pushed by the liberalization of markets, efficient flow of information, and integration of competition, any industry is at a higher threat of new entrants (Hooley, Piercy, and Nicoulaud 65). This aspect has opened up the market for the multinational companies which have a huge financial base to segment the market, position their products strategically in the market, and attract customer loyalty towards their products. With the increasing number of people who are attaining a middle income status, the demand for furniture is likely to increase tremendously (Pfeffer 76). However, there are only few suppliers in the market. Therefore, these people are likely to look for second products that are well refurbished. This will attract the interests of new investors who will be eyes a share in the market. With the increasing demand for the furniture, more companies will try to outsource their operations to countries with cheap labor and easily accessible raw materials to make high quality furniture (Lawrence and Weber 19). These products will be cheap despite being first hand. This is likely to threaten the competitive advantage of this business because customers are likely to shift towards these products. With the increasing numbers of competitors in the furniture business, the customers will have a stronger say in the market (Keller 87). This is because every firm will be trying to win the customers’ loyalty. Therefore, the customers are likely to dictate the prices of the commodities in the market. Furthermore, the entry of cheaper products once the companies start to outsource their operations to different parts of the world will increase the bargaining power of the customers. This will make it hard for the firm to dominate the

Environmental Studies Essay Example for Free

Environmental Studies Essay The population of the world has been on an upward trend for the most part of the past many years. The rapid rise in the population in the past had been attributed to factors like improved medical care and good nutrition. However, the statistics appear to be changing as the 21st century wears on. There has been recorded a decrease in the overall global population growth rate such that although there is still a growth in the population, the rate is reducing. However, the rate is not evenly distributed. Instead, only the developed nations where industrialization and modernity are advanced are experiencing the population slowdown. The developing World still has rising rates of population growth (I. R. C. , 2005). The reduction in the growth rate can be attributed to climatic changes that have in turn caused people to resort to totally new ways of living. There has been a lot of destruction to the atmosphere and the resultant effect has been that some of the plants and animals that were useful for improving the immunity of the people when included in the diet are now extinct. Global warming has killed many such plant and animal species; and the other effects have been that there is an increase in strange, previously uncommon diseases caused by climatic changes which are making more people to die faster than before. Life expectancy has also reduced because of these changes (Johansen, 2009). In addition, the lifestyles of people have changed drastically, including having diets that are less healthy such as the consumption of genetically modified substances whose chemical contents are harmful to the body and shorten life. This trend is bound to go on for as long as industrial development is going to continue, worsening as the effects of global warming resulting from industrial pollution increase (Vormedal, 2005). New factors are bound to come into play, including increased child mortality and increased resistance to medication available even as new species of pathogens and parasites emerge with changing environmental conditions. It is also expected that more people will be less willing to have children as the pressure on available resources increases, thereby pushing the population growth rate down. With globalization opening up doors of nations, more technologies and immigrants are expected to get in, and not only will there be a real pressure on resources available pushing families to downsize but there will also be a massive movement away from the use of natural, more nutritious food items to those that are artificial and developed through technology (I. R. C. , 2005). As such are likely to be more harmful to the body, many people will find themselves less fertile while the fertile ones will be less willing to have more than a few children. The few children born will have a reduced life expectancy due to increased diseases; and child mortality will be very high. As the figure below shows, the population of Canada has been on a downward trend ever since the start of this century. It is expected that this will go on as the country becomes more industrialized and as global warming becomes more pronounced. By the year 2030, the country will most likely be faced with the problem of having a majority of its population being people over the age of 65 years because the young people are those who are likely to be affected negatively by the forces causing this trend (I. R. C. , 2005).

List of Companies Essay Example for Free

List of Companies Essay 1. AmBank Corporate The AmBank Group is one of Malaysia’s premier financial services group with leadership positions in the retail banking, commercial banking, investment banking and insurance sectors. With an established history and a track record of customer focus and innovation, the AmBank Group continues to serve its customers with a wide range of innovative products and services. 2. Astro Holdings Sdn Bhd Astro Holdings Sdn Bhd is a Malaysia investment holding media and entertainment company that began in the form of a pay digital direct broadcast satellite radio and television service, Astro. 3. Celcom Axiata Berhad Through the Mobile Numbering Portability by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, CELCOM also provides Virtual Mobile Operator services. Celcom also provides rural communications services using CDMA Technology and Satellite Phone. 4. CIMB Bank In their commitment to deliver a more exclusive level of banking, they continuously develop their products and services, advisory capabilities and lifestyle privileges to be more attentive, convenient and rewarding for their customers. 5. DiGi Telecommunications DiGi Telecommunications Sdn. Bhd., DBA DiGi, is a mobile service provider in Malaysia. It is owned in majority by Telenor ASA of Norway with 49%. On 24 May 1995 DiGi became the first telco in Malaysia to launch and operate a fully digital cellular network. 6. DRB-HICOM DRB-HICOM Berhad (â€Å"DRB-HICOM) is one of Malaysia’s leading companies listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad, playing an integral role in the nation’s road to industrialisation. 7. Maxis Communications Maxis provides a variety of mobile communication products and services. They offer prepaid call plans, monthly subscription plans, International Roaming, MMS, WAP (over both GSM and GPRS), Residential Fixed Line services, Broadband Internet plans, and as of early 2005, 3G services to both prepaid and post paid subscription customers. It is easier to attract the customers. 8. Media Prima Berhad Rich with compelling content, Media Primas traditional and new media channels have been able to engage millions of people throughout Malaysia and beyond with something for everyone. 9. Naza Group The Naza Group of Companies is Malaysia’s largest privately-owned conglomerate with businesses in the automotive industry, property development, food and beverage and hotel management to name a few. 10. New Straits Times Group NSTP is the leading printed media with a growing online presence. They inform, educate and entertain. 11. Perodua They responsible for the sales, marketing, and distribution of all Perodua vehicles as well as after sales service and spare parts operations. Perodua is well-known for selling affordable car for everyone. 12. Petronas Dagangan Berhad Committed to a growth agenda, PDB strives to continuously provide superior products, and services in all its four core businesses of Retail, Commercial, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Lubricants. The Company invests in research and development (RD) to ensure that PDB continues to offer a wide range of internationally recognised high quality petroleum products including motor gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bunker fuel, LPG cylinders and asphalt. Today, PDB is the market leader in the Commercial and LPG sectors, with strong fundamentals to retain and further solidify this position. 13. PLUS Malaysia Berhad The PLUS Expressways Berhad (PEB) or PLUS Malaysia Berhad (PMB) or known as Projek Lebuhraya Usahasama Berhad (PLUS) (formerly Projek Lebuhraya Utara Selatan Berhad (PLUS)) (MYX: 5052) is the biggest Highway Concessionaries or Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) operator company in Malaysia. A member of the UEM Group, the company is also the largest listed toll expressway operator in Southeast Asia, Asia, and the eighth largest in the world. 14. Pos Malaysia Pos Malaysia Berhad constantly invests in identifying, evaluating and maximising the human capital that drives the organisation and innovating solutions to improve its products and services to fulfill the increasing demands of its customers. 15. Proton Holdings Berhad Using the resources, technology, innovations, manpower and design capabilities which includes the expertise of PROTONs wholly-owned subsidiary Lotus Engineering UK, one of the worlds leading automotive engineering consultancy companies, has provided PROTON with an invaluable resource which has helped place the national car company at the forefront of the automotive industry. 16. Sime Darby Sime Darby provides many kind of services such as Sime Darby Plantation, Sime Darby Industrial, Sime Darby Energy Utilities, Sime Darby Property and Sime Darby Motors. 17. Shell As one of the world’s leading energy companies Shell plays a key role in helping to meet the world’s growing energy demand in economically, environmentally and socially responsible ways. 18. Public Bank Public Bank Berhad is a bank based in Malaysia. Public Bank is the biggest domestic bank in Malaysia by shareholders funds. It focuses on retail customers and small to medium sized enterprises 19. SIRIM Berhad SIRIM has been dedicated in championing standards and management services, research and technology in high-end technology development, technology transfer and technopreneurship incubation. 20. Tenaga Nasional Berhad TNBs core activities are in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Other activities include repairing, testing and maintaining power plants, providing engineering, procurement and construction services for power plants related products, assembling and manufacturing high voltage switchgears, coal mining and trading. 21. Telekom Malaysia As a model corporate citizen committed to good governance and transparency, TM continues its pledge to ensure the integrity of our processes, people and  reputation as well as the sustainability of our operations. Our Corporate Responsibility (CR) ethos reinforces responsible behaviour in the four main domains of the marketplace, workplace, the community and the environment. With a focus on ICT, the Group further promotes 3 major platforms i.e. education, community/nation-building and environment, through our Reaching Out programmes. 22. Konsortium Transnasional Berhad Konsortium Transnasional Brhad is the largest operator of public bus transportation in Malaysia. Its stage and express bus operations provide the most extensive coverage throughout Peninsular Malaysia, covering all major cities and towns as well as Singapore. 23. Petron Malaysia Refining Marketing Bhd Beyond their business agenda, they take their corporate and social citizenship to heart by integrating education and environment programs into our operations to ensure sustainability and contribute to social development. 24. Aeon Co. (M) Bhd AEONs constant interior refurbishment of stores to project an image designed to satisfy the ever changing needs and desires of consumers is clear evidence of this. The Companys performance has been further enhanced by the managements acute understanding of target market needs and the provision of an optimal product-mix. AEONs stores are mostly situated in suburban residential areas, catering to Malaysias vast middle income group. 25. AirAsia Berhad AirAsia Berhad is a Malaysian low-cost airline headquartered in Kuala Lumpur. It has been named as the worlds best low-cost airline, and a pioneer of low-cost travel in Asia. AirAsia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to 78 destinations spanning 25 countries.  Their tagline ‘ Everyone Can Fly’ have attracted everyone to try their services. 26. Malaysian Airlines (MAS) Apart from the airline the group also includes aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), and aircraft handling. Malaysia Airlines has two airline subsidiaries: Firefly and MASwings. They offered affordable price for everyone with different classes. 27. Hong Leong Bank The Groups Reaching Out to You embeds the organisation in the country and community within which it operates. Through its financial services arm Hong Leong Financial Group Berhad, which consists of Hong Leong Bank, Hong Leong Islamic Bank, Hong Leong Bank Vietnam, Hong Leong Assurance and Hong Leong Tokio Marine Takaful, the Group is well positioned as an integrated financial services provider. 28. Apple Incorporated Apple Inc. (Apple) designs, manufactures and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications. News about Apple Incorporated, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. 29. Samsung Corporation Samsung has a powerful influence on South Koreas economic development, politics, media and culture, and has been a major driving force behind the Miracle on the Han River. Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Koreas total exports. Samsungs revenue was equal to 17% of the South Koreas $1082 billion GDP. 30. Nokia Corporation Nokia has production facilities located all over the world and we’re working to make each one as sustainable as possible. In part, this means minimising any negative environmental and social impact the facility may have for example, by reducing its energy consumption or ensuring materials are ethically sourced. But it also means maximising the positive impact our presence can have on the local community from providing rewarding employment opportunities to supporting worthy causes, such as schools or hospitals. JCS3113 Corporate Communication in Practice Name : Nur Afdhaliah Binti Abu Bakar Matrix Number : 4111009431 Title : List of Company with Good Marketing Strategy Lecturer’s Name : Sir Azrul Shah Bin Mohamad Date of Submission : 18 September 2013

Has Technology Made Strategy Obsolete? Essay -- essays research papers

Has Technology Made Strategy Obsolete? It has been said that, "improvements in technology for waging war have made strategy increasingly irrelevant." This is not the case; strategy is actually becoming more important with the development of more sophisticated military technology. Firstly it must be clearly defined how strategy and technology relate to each other. There have been many different views on what, in effect, constitutes strategy. If one were to compare Sun Tzu's concepts of strategy and compare them to that of Clausewitz, it would be clear that the two defined strategy much differently. Sun Tzu viewed strategy as a much larger issue than did the Clausewitz. He believed that an overall strategy that utilized political alliances, misinformation, intelligence and strategic planning was the key to what he believed the pinnacle of military victory was; to win the war without ever having to fight. Clausewitz had a much narrower view of strategy, one that would more correctly be determined as tactics. Clausewitz believed in the supremacy of direct military conflict as the sole arena for states to resolve their differences and satisfy their ambitions. He focused then, on the best way to win the war, believing that war was inevitable. It is clear then, that wile both men wrote on the subject of war, their focus was on different levels of warfare, Sun Tzu's focus was on strategy, or grand strategy, while Clausewitz's focus was on the tactical level, or operational strategy. Technology is of a different ilk altogether than the closely related topics of tactics and strategy. Technology is the tools with which the war is waged. It can consist of not only mechanical instruments, but of nuclear, chemical and biological tools as well. Technology is an ever changing, constantly improving, element of warfare that has throughout history continually improved the efficiency with which mankind can kill one and other. Technology Strategy Tactics The key to understanding the issue is to understand how the three elements, technology, tactics and strategy are connected to each other and more specifically, how changes in one area of will drive changes in the other. Technology is the core to the whole process. A requirement is identified and a weapon, or weapons system is created in order to fill that requirement. Once this has been done, the military leader... ...s Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) or "Star Wars" plan that finally broke the economically weaker USSR. Currently, the US Army's is driving toward the development of a Strategic Anti-missile System; resent successful tests of this new technology raise the specter of a return to the winnable war scenario. These new technologies has, as all technology is, been developed to finally and directly eliminate the threat generated by initial development of the nuclear strike capability. The question that now begs to be asked is weather this technology will once again change the strategic focus away from the economic arena and back to the military one? Technology has not rendered strategy obsolete. Certain military technological advances, which are continually reshaping the tactical realm, have managed, by the shear magnitude of their impact, reached beyond that area to change the Grande Strategy by which nations plan their success. As we see, strategy changed in order to counter the threat posed until a counter technology was developed. The interplay of tactics, technology and strategy is cyclical and symbiotic in nature with each element being driven by changes in the other.

Media and Physical Appearance Essay -- Advertising Commercials Essays

Media and Physical Appearance I would not say that I am a slave of advertising or consumer culture, but I have always paid relatively close attention to the commercials I see on television and in magazines. Because of this trait, I would say that I am fairly perceptive of the various methods employed by advertisers, and the messages they attempt to convey. The majority of these messages I discard, and very rarely do I allow them to influence what I do and do not buy. There is one ad, however, that I remember to this day, and which I admit has dictated what I buy in one specific area. Even now, I remember the commercial quite vividly, although I was probably in elementary school when I first saw it. The ad featured a handsome teenager talking about his experience in starting a new school. A few days before the first day of classes, he breaks out with a bad case of acne. Terrified, he imagines his social life for the remainder of high school as one dominated by weekend nights watching cheesy movies at home w ith his parents. Miraculously, though, he is saved from this social hell by Oxy facial cleansing products. With a clear face, he is able to start school on the right note, making friends with other attractive adolescents. The commercial closes with him saying, â€Å"keep America beautiful,† as Oxy’s line of skin care products shows up on the screen. For some reason, this ad and its message stuck with me, and I have loyally used Oxy products ever since. While extremely effective, this ad was hardly original in its methods. Instead, it relied on the same techniques perfected nearly a century earlier during the revolution in American advertising. As early as 1923, the Lambert Pharmaceutical Company was ... ...success of each of these campaigns though, there is little wonder as to why advertising has changed so little. As long American ethos embodies the notion that physical appearance, and financial and social success are directly correlated, advertisers will continue to create demand for products that alleviate physical and hygienic ailments by simply manipulating the public’s fear of them. Works Cited http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/dynaweb/adaccess/beauty/hairprep1940s/@Generic __BookTextView/. Marchand, Roland. Advertising the American Dream. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. Schudson, Michael. Advertising, The Uneasy Persuasion. United States of America: Basic Books, 1986. Special thanks to John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising, and Marketing History, and Duke University’s Rare Book, Manuscript and Special Collection Library.

Nutrition Essay -- Health Nutrition Pyramid Diet

Nutrition is an important issue in my life for many reasons. The most important being my major, dental hygiene. I’ve taken a couple nutrition courses already. I also simply care for the fact that what we eat is associated with our health and how long we may live. Before I went to the website I didn’t expect to see many healthy benefits to eating McDonalds so I guess I was prepared. It said that McDonald’s food is linked to serious diseases because of the high fat and low fiber content. I know from my nutrition classes in the past that a low fiber diet is linked obesity, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, colon cancer, and many more things. I find it amusing that they can say that their food can be a valuable part of a balanced diet. I don’t think that they should be allowed to promote that in any way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the website I found a part on evidence talking about how McDonald’s is not being truthful to it’s customers. They lied about what goes into their Chicken McNuggets. They claimed that it was just chicken breast and thigh meat but it is actually chicken meat mixed with chicken skin and cooked in high-beef lard, which is absorbed into it. They also lied about being the first fast food chain to voluntarily give out the ingredients in their food. They didn’t do it voluntarily they were made to but not without a fight of course. So the question is why is McDonald’s trying to deceive their customers? I went to McDonald’s healthy eating policy on the website... Nutrition Essay -- Health Nutrition Pyramid Diet Nutrition is an important issue in my life for many reasons. The most important being my major, dental hygiene. I’ve taken a couple nutrition courses already. I also simply care for the fact that what we eat is associated with our health and how long we may live. Before I went to the website I didn’t expect to see many healthy benefits to eating McDonalds so I guess I was prepared. It said that McDonald’s food is linked to serious diseases because of the high fat and low fiber content. I know from my nutrition classes in the past that a low fiber diet is linked obesity, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, colon cancer, and many more things. I find it amusing that they can say that their food can be a valuable part of a balanced diet. I don’t think that they should be allowed to promote that in any way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the website I found a part on evidence talking about how McDonald’s is not being truthful to it’s customers. They lied about what goes into their Chicken McNuggets. They claimed that it was just chicken breast and thigh meat but it is actually chicken meat mixed with chicken skin and cooked in high-beef lard, which is absorbed into it. They also lied about being the first fast food chain to voluntarily give out the ingredients in their food. They didn’t do it voluntarily they were made to but not without a fight of course. So the question is why is McDonald’s trying to deceive their customers? I went to McDonald’s healthy eating policy on the website...

Doing Business Abroad Essay

Companies around the world are expanding in order to meet a larger market. However, this is no easy task even for people who have been doing business for decades for there is always this thing called cultural diversity. This thing is put into consideration not only of companies and managers that establish businesses in other countries but also of those who engage into joint ventures and alliances. Setting a company globally requires not only good managers but thorough study as well. A market research would be very helpful especially to determine the needs and wants of the people in the locality. A bunch of factors affect the preference of people like religion, beliefs and environment. Should the product be modified to fit the desires of the people? For instance, burgers with beef patty are modified in order to be accepted and sold in Hindu-dominated countries. There are also cross-cultural trainings for managers that would be sent abroad. These are usually conducted by business schools with the aim of providing global managers who have the ability to cope with different challenges that they may encounter, especially those that are brought about by diversity in culture. However, as much as these trainings would help, they are not yet enough to suffice for the thorough understanding and settlement of cultural differences that might yield success to a business that spread its wings. Problems still remain due to this cultural diversity. Even with the repute of English in conducting business globally, language remains a problem. Language, as defined in the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is words with their pronunciation and the methods of combining them to be used and understood by a community. Words are not enough. Pronunciation and accent are essential, and at this part is where problem usually occurs. As Edward Burman cited in his article entitled Managing Cultural Diversity in a Global World, linguistic confidence can be perceived as quasi-colonial arrogance and this may eventually lead to conflicts. Similarly, jokes and stories which are essential in building harmonious relationship among workers are affected, not just because of the way they were delivered but more importantly by the context that they were formulated. Some humorous acts might be insulting to others, which again might lead to discord. Another problem that may arise due to cultural diversity is the way the human resource personnel determines the appropriate candidate for a job. Whether be it an expatriate or a native of the location of the headquarter, the measure to the achievements of an applicant varies from the school where he acquired his degree and skill to the society where he belong. These qualities may not be well-reflected in his application forms or the result of his examination or interview. Although it may be known to the resource manager that different cultures respond differently to various situations, the challenge is still to determine the best person whose culture and skill perfectly fits the job. Also, developing the trust with people from other culture opens another difficulty especially if a company will merge or ally with a local company of other country. Research can be done to be able to identify possible reasons to trust but it remains a thorny job for the managers in the negotiation table. Everything will matter, from the physical appearance to the gestures. Aside from these problems cited by Edward Burman, the way to designate a manager to a place is something to be thoroughly thought of. According to an interview with Robert J. Freeman, Americans are a bit resistant to exotic destinations. The question then is how these Americans would be assigned to a location beyond his desire. Or since there are expatriates of more than sixty nationalities, which should be chosen and what type of compromise would the company give to convince the manager. Nevertheless, these problems can be addressed if global managers have several skills as discussed by Josephine Song in her article Transcending Borders. The first is technical skills. Aside from the field that he is expected to master in order to efficiently perform his task, he must also be able to utilize the means that globalization brings for the betterment of doing things. He must be able to maximize opportunities and resources that might be useful for the accomplishment of his job. Likewise, he must also have good communication skills which comprise not only of knowledge of words but their proper pronunciation and usage as well, most especially English which is the basic medium for conducting business globally. Communication is not only via speaking, but also via reading, writing or listening. More importantly, global managers must take caution in their words and actions so that misunderstandings would be avoided. They must also be innovative and resourceful to improve their businesses according to the locality. With increase in expatriates all over the globe, I think it would be unfair to say that they or the locals could better cope with the changes. They might have an advantage with regards to having dealt with different cultures already that they might not find it anymore difficult to relate with another set of people. Their presence in the top management could also bring global perspective. But, their knowledge of the culture of the country where the company is located might be very limited as compared to the locals. Yes, they may be able to learn and adapt but still, the culture instilled in them would always be a part of them and their decisions and reservations. I think, it would be better to have a mix of expatriate and local managers in a global business for as Burman concluded, management remains culture-bound, be it local or expatriate.

Advance strategic management. Consumerism Essay

1. What is consumerism? DEFINITION Consumerism can be defined in two different ways; 1. Consumerism is a theory which states that buying and consuming goods and services in a large amount are more beneficial to the economy. Thus this theory appreciates gradually increased consumption of goods and services. 2. Consumerism means ‘consumer protection’. It is a movement or policy that protects the interests of consumers via truthful packaging, honest advertisement, improved safety standards and product guarantees. Consumerism involves policies that regulate methods, products and services, standards, selling and advertising in the interests of the consumers. These protect buyers from defective products, misleading advertising, unfair practices etc. Such policies can be mandatory, legislative, institutional or voluntarily accepted by the industry. e.g., consumers’ interests can be harmed by mispricing, adulteration, artificial demand etc. IMPORTANCE Consumerism encourages economic growth by providing good quality goods and services to the customers. Increased consumption by the customers shows the economic growth level. Increased demand would lead to increased production thus raising the gross domestic production. It helps to make informed decisions through truthful advertising, environmental and safety standard laws. Thus consumerism provides protection to buyers. Implementation of consumer protection laws shield consumers against exploitation, discourage anti-social activities and unfair trade practices, provide complete and latest information to the customer which aids in buying  decision making process. 2. What IS STRATEGY? Why it is important? Choose a company, study its strategy and then make its competitive analysis. DEFINITION 1. Strategy is business game plan used by management to stake out market position, conduct its operations, attract and please customers, compete successfully and achieve organizational objectives. 2. It is a process through which a company concentrated its resources on optimal opportunities to achieve short term and long term goals and other competitive advantages. IMPORTANCE Strategy answers three central questions about the company (i) where are we now? (ii) where do we want to go? (iii) how will we get there? Strategy tells about the current position of the company, its future plans and the approaches it will follow to achieve its objectives. Strategy encompasses actions to attract customers, actions to deliver value at optimal price and cost equilibrium, actions to respond to changing market environment, approaches to pursue available opportunities and plans to gain competitive edge. A powerful strategy makes a company distinctive and provides sustainable and durable competitive advantage in creating, producing, distributing and marketing the company’s products/services. An effective strategy results in best possible business performance in terms of financial profitability and market position. Strategies are desperately needed to direct the activities of the company in a way that its goals and objectives are achieved in a right way through right approaches and at the right time. An excellent strategy that is excellently implemented is a good measure to evaluate the management competencies and performance. A strategy-focused company has a strong performance, profitable earnings, revenue growth and favourable return on investment. COMPANY : COLGATE-PALMOLIVE Colgate Palmolive has $17.1 billion consumer products and serves people around the world with renowned brands by offering four types of products/services: oral care, personal care, home care and pet nutrition products. This company operates globally and approximately 75 percent of its sales are from outside the home country while majority of its products are manufactured in its own facilities. Colgate-Palmolive 2011 to 2015 Strategy The main focus of Colgate-Palmolive’s five year strategy is on people, performance and planet with measurable goals in accordance with the company’s business objectives. 1. Promoting Healthier Lives The objective was to promote health and wellness in order to minimize employee health risks by 15 percent, to achieve 5 percent reduced health costs by improving on time diagnosis and treatment of diseases and to focus on safety of employees. 2. Contributing to The Communities Where We Live and Work This parameter of the strategy aims to increase the impact of company on the community by $300 million. For this purpose five objectives were set which will provide greater focus to the company’s contribution towards the community. Partnership is done with dental professions to improve the oral care of the community. A program of â€Å"Bright Smiles, Bright Futures† is scheduled to contact 1 billion children by 2020. To provide hand-washing awareness to over 50 million households. To work with 250 thousand veterinarians to educate pet owners and provide over $100 million pet food. Continue to provide company’s products after natural disasters and to invite more  volunteers in this community program. 3. Delivering Products That Delight Consumers and Respect Our Planet The objective is to increase the sustainability of all the products by (i) ensuring that ingredients continue to meet the standards of safety, health and quality (ii) reducing the impact of environment on the products and packaging. This is achieved by increasing the use of recycled contents and more usage of sustainable materials. 4. Making Every Drop of Water Count The strategy aims to reduce the consumption of water during manufacturing by 24 percent. The objective also aims to take steps to promote access of clean water and water conversation awareness among over two billion consumers. 5. Reducing Our Impact on Climate and Environment The intention was to reduce energy consumption and carbon emission during the manufacturing process by 20 percent. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS The stated strategy of the company can be analysed on the bases of three broad terms. The following stated questions will determine the goodness of the strategy implemented by Colgate-Palmolive i.e. whether the strategy was able to improve the market position and financial performance of the company or not, how good was the company at handling the environmental dynamics and gaining competitive advantage. 1. How well does the strategy fits with the company’s situation? The main competitor of Colgate-Palmolive is Procter & Gamble with the same strategy of sustaining products and environmental safety but Colgate-Palmolive has got a competitive advantage in the year 2011 and 2012 by having strong presence in personal care products and emerging markets in different geographical areas. Due to broad operation bases globally the company has got the strength to lead the market. 2. Is the strategy helping the company achieve a sustainable competitive advantage? Yes the strategy implemented by the company has made it to be a global leader in oral care. Colgate-Palmolive’s market is the single largest market by value shares and is insulated from the downturns. The company’s strategy focuses to meet market challenges, committed to increase product sustainability and focuses on segmentation by function. Colgate-Palmolive has improved sustainability profile in 24 percent of products. 3. Is the strategy helping in better company performance? The strategy has helped the company in attaining better financial and ethical performance. Colgate-Palmolive has shown best environmental performance in past years and is able to sustain its past competitive advantage. The company had $17.1 billion worldwide sales in 2012. Its gross profit margin was 58.4 percent in fourth quarter of 2012. Colgate-Palmolive won 100% Code of Conduct Certification, stood No. 1 in beauty and personal care products and was announced No. 1 at ‘Most Admired Companies in 2013’ by Fortune World. Colgate-Palmolive had operating profit of $4.02 million in 2012. 35 percent of its packaging material is from the recycled material thus fulfilling its goals of safeguarding the environment and reducing costs. Three different products of Colgate-Palmolive have won title of ‘Product of the Year 2012’ and Ethisphere magazine has given the company title of ‘ 2013 World’s Most Ethical Companies’ US E.P.A declared the company to be ‘Designed for the Environment’ for many of its home care products. The above analysis shows the strengths and the competitive advantage earned by the company due to its best performance and leading activities. Surely the above mentioned performance is only attainable because of an excellent strategy and its excellent execution. _________________________________________

Marketing Manager of Oreos Essay

In this written assignment, I will be accepting the role of a marketing manager that will select a product (good or service) that’s sold in the United States and has sales opportunities in a foreign market. The product I have chosen is Oreo’s, are the world’s favorite cookie. Throughout this assignment, I will apply my critical thinking skills and the knowledge I have attained throughout this course to the product that I have chosen. The first steps in marketing are putting the right product out at the right price and the right time. All of us have grown up with Oreo cookies, we all have our disputes as to the way to eat them dunking them in milk or twisting off one side then eating the middle first. Since the introduction in 1912, the Oreo cookies has become the bestselling cookie in the U.S. (Rosenbery). Since the Oreo has been around there has been 362 billion cookies sold which then makes it the â€Å"best-selling† cookie. The first Oreo to be sold was in Hoboken, NJ. At this time the packaging of the cookie was a â€Å"bulk tin and was sold by the weight†(Oreo). The Oreos time and place utility can be found in more than 100 countries and in all super markets. The Ease of Possession utility adds value by reducing reasons not to buy or adding incentives to purchase (White). Oreos can be found in every store that sells food or any country so when you are feeling like an Oreo all you have to do is find a super market. Oreo’s target market is anyone over the age of 12, Kraft promised to stop advertising its most high in calories products to kids under the age of 12, this is first major food company to do so (Callahan). The 100-year-old sandwich cookie, a $2 billion brand, is going global in a big way. Emerging markets will account for about half of Oreo sales this year, and over the past five years emerging markets including Asia and Latin America have been the major drivers of the brand’s growth. Thanks to the overseas push, overall Oreo sales grew nearly 25 percent in 2011(Einhorn). The number one foreign market for Oreo’s China is now the world’s largest Oreo market outside the United States, with 41.9% growth in measured consumption over the last year, according to ACNielsen (Wai-yin Kwok). In  order for me to apply the STP approach in the American and foreign market is first I will have to determine which types of customers exist, select which ones we would be able to serve best, and then implement our segmentation by improving our cookies for that segment and show that we made the choice to stand out and remain rare. The primary segment is one for who the product is designed for, maximum revenue will come from the primary target market. These customers that share common characteristics and behaviors account for the highest capacity of sales and are most likely to buy now. The positioning of Oreo cookie is tempting to kids and teenagers they are the highest consumers of cookies. The secondary market is future primary buyers, persons buying at a high rate in a small segment and people who influence primary buyers. However their characteristics and buying behaviors usually are different from those of the primary market. For example this would be the persons that live a fast passed life style like adults, and working parents, and grandparents. In order s to implement our target, we must begin positioning by choosing what image the company would like to portray to our consumers. One way is for the company to maintain a strong competitive advantage. Consumers are more willing to pay premiums for products that are not harmful to the environment. I would develop, execute, and measure a campaign for this product considering the four p’s (product, price, promotion, and place) by choosing what Oreo is known for. The product should also be of high quality, since consumers will not pay a premium price for none premium product. With pricing I would have a reasonable price for the quality of product but also would guarantee freshness. Major trend in the foreign markets that will hurt business sales is some couture’s don’t like high in fat foods. In order to get into a foreign market and stay we will have to research and find out what they are looking for in a cookie. According to Global Journal of Finance and Management the reach they found was that the Chinese lacked the emotional attachment with the cookie pertaining to a strange shape, high value and even a taste that wasn’t the best of what they liked. Kraft’s Chinese division used this information to formulate a modified the recipe, making a cookie prototype of a formula that tasted right (republication). Research will have to be done  when going in any foreign markets when it comes to marketing in a new area you want to have success the first time rather than later having to figure out what went wrong. Global business ethics has a number of open difficulties, Always keep in mind every culture and nation has its own values and traditions. Since there is no international code of conduct it is important for all companies to develop their own ethical values. I will have to develop standards that the Oreo company will at hear to at all times. As the marketing manager, I have studied the sales opportunities Oreos has in a foreign market. I applied my critical thinking skills and the knowledge I have learned throughout this course to the product that I have chosen. When companies are going into a foreign market it is imperative to really understand the markets before you lunch your products, also you need to connect with every market in order for your business to be successful. References Rosenbery, Jen (2010) http://history1900s.about.com/od/1910s/a/oreohistory.htm http://oreofunandfacts.weebly.com/history-of-oreos.html White, S. (2012). Principles of Marketing (1st Ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Einhorn, Bruce(2012) http://www.businessweek.com/authors/449-bruce-einhorn Wai-yin Kwok, Vivian(2008) http://www.forbes.com/2009/12/08/china-oreo-tang-cmo-network-kraft.html Amit Verma ISSN 0975-6477 Volume 6, Number 7 (2014), pp. 615-618 http://www.ripublication.com

A step-by-step guide to professional-looking tables

A step-by-step guide to professional-looking tables A step-by-step guide to professional-looking tables Tables are a staple of many business documents – from management accounts to a marketing plan or an activity update. And most people know how to create a table in Word. What you may not know is how easily you can take your tables from basic (and boring) to impressive and eye-catching. Transform your tables Tables in published journals usually look far superior to those in the average business document. But it is perfectly possible to transform Words default tables into ones that are every bit as impressive as those produced by the big publishers. And in doing so, you can really lift your documents, to make them much more engaging. You can do this without stepping outside of Word. And – heres the best bit – you dont need a degree in graphic design or to be a Microsoft Office ninja to do so. Far from it. Watch the video to see how you can transform your tables, step by step: This post is taken from a lesson in our online-training programme Emphasis 360, which improves your writing in practical, bite-sized weekly lessons. You can find out more about Emphasis 360 and preview more lessons for free here. Image credit: Your Design / Shutterstock

Free Essays on Effects Of Stress On Body Image

The Effects of Stress on Body Image Abstract College tends to put a lot of stress on a person. This can affect the student’s attitudes toward life and work. Significant life changes and stress from the college environment can affect each student in a different way. Men and women have different ways in coping with stress. This study looks at the way stress effects the body image of men and women between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five, using a random sample of Salem State College students. Sixteen males and twenty females completed the study. Participants filled out questionnaires that measured stress, anxiety, and body image in various social situations relevant to college students. The questionnaire was a combined evaluation of the Stressful Situations Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), measuring respectfully. This study used the Two-Way Analysis test at the .05 significance level. The ANOVA identified a significant interaction effect between stress and gender. Stress, as a variable by itself, was also found to have an effect on body image. Though it did not quite reach a statistical significant level, it remained an important factor. Females with a high level of stress had a low MBSRQ score. Males had a lower mean score on the body image test with a low stress level and a higher mean score with a high stress level, when compared to females. Stress and gender, together, was found to have a strong effect on body image. Associations between stress and body image have been examined for years. Through research, it is apparent that high levels of stress affect the self-esteem and body appearance of young adults. A study done on body image and eating disorders found that women entering college with higher levels of figure dissatisfaction were likely to show worsening eating patterns during the study period of three years (Cooley & Toray, 2001). In this study,... Free Essays on Effects Of Stress On Body Image Free Essays on Effects Of Stress On Body Image The Effects of Stress on Body Image Abstract College tends to put a lot of stress on a person. This can affect the student’s attitudes toward life and work. Significant life changes and stress from the college environment can affect each student in a different way. Men and women have different ways in coping with stress. This study looks at the way stress effects the body image of men and women between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five, using a random sample of Salem State College students. Sixteen males and twenty females completed the study. Participants filled out questionnaires that measured stress, anxiety, and body image in various social situations relevant to college students. The questionnaire was a combined evaluation of the Stressful Situations Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), measuring respectfully. This study used the Two-Way Analysis test at the .05 significance level. The ANOVA identified a significant interaction effect between stress and gender. Stress, as a variable by itself, was also found to have an effect on body image. Though it did not quite reach a statistical significant level, it remained an important factor. Females with a high level of stress had a low MBSRQ score. Males had a lower mean score on the body image test with a low stress level and a higher mean score with a high stress level, when compared to females. Stress and gender, together, was found to have a strong effect on body image. Associations between stress and body image have been examined for years. Through research, it is apparent that high levels of stress affect the self-esteem and body appearance of young adults. A study done on body image and eating disorders found that women entering college with higher levels of figure dissatisfaction were likely to show worsening eating patterns during the study period of three years (Cooley & Toray, 2001). In this study,...

Collecting Crime Scene Evidence

Collecting Crime Scene Evidence Free Online Research Papers In this report I will discuss the importance of collecting evidence at a crime scene. The evidence can make or break a case. There are specific duties assigned to each member of the CSI team who investigates a crime scene. Strict protocols are followed when securing the crime scene, collection evidence and interviewing witnesses. There are 5 main steps in processing a crime scene; interview, examine, photograph, sketch, and process. The gathering of evidence falls within the guidelines of processing the crime scene. The CSI personal has to have a keen eye to assess what is normal in the scene and what is evidence. Whenever there is a question as to what may be evidence, it is best to collect it and sort it out at the lab. Many people have a stake in what the CSI gather as evidence at a crime scene. Some evidence will clear persons involved, while others could be prosecuted by the same evidence. It is very important to take this training and job seriously. The balance of justice can be swayed so easily by the collection, processing and interpretation of evidence. Then there are cases that go to trial, get convictions with no evidence at all. Not because there was evidence and it not collected but because there was no evidence to prove a crime had been committed and the case was judged purely on made up stories with no facts to back them up. Later we find there in fact was no crime committed. Collecting Crime Scene Evidence Crime Scene Investigators are becoming more and more important to large law enforcement agencies. The purpose of crime scene investigation is to help establish what happened and who is responsible for the crime. This task was left to the local law enforcement officers who were and still are the ones to get to a crime scene first. As crime has grown in this country, the need for a special investigative team has become a necessity. The police departments in most large cities are not staffed nor equipped to do the amount of work required to thoroughly investigate a crime scene. One crime scene may take up to days or weeks to go through every inch of it to gather and tag evidence to be processed by the crime lab. Keeping this in mind, the smaller cities, towns and communities still rely on the local law enforcement agencies to carry out the task of securing the crime scene, gather evidence and question witnesses. Detectives assigned to the case in the smaller populated areas can help th e police department to do in-depth questioning of witnesses, following up on leads and other things that may need to be done in assisting the police with the crime. (Aggrawal, 2004) (Layton, 2005) The first step when getting to the crime scene is making sure the scene has been taped off and clearly marked. Next the crime scene technician will talk to the first officer who arrived at the crime scene. At this time the tech will gather information as to how this incident occurred, about what time it happened and all other basic information. The tech may also question any witnesses, or victim. If the CSI team has 2-4 people there may be several things going on at one time such as examining the area of the crime, numbering or tagging pieces of evidence where it is for photographing, sketches may be started by the person assigned to that duty and then the process of gathering the evidence may begin after the first four steps are completed. It is important that all evidence that can be found at that time be processed by tagging, sketch, and photographing before it is actually collected into proper containers. (Baldwin, 1990) The second step is to examine the crime scene inside and out. It is important to determine how the crime occurred and document it accordingly. Number markers will be placed by each piece of evidence for photographing. This is true of all evidence at the scene. It is very important for the CSI to be able to tell what was normally placed in the house/building and what seems out of place. When there is a question as to what may be or not be evidence, it is collected anyway and the lab will process it to see if it is connected to the crime. (Baldwin, 1990) Next the photographer will proceed with the utmost of care to photograph the crime scene, being mindful where the evidence is and not disturbing it so it can be documented. Photographs may be taken from different angles to better understand what happened during the time the crime was being committed. The photographer will start with a wide spectrum of the crime scene, narrowing his shots as he processes the scene until he is focusing on the smallest of the evidence. (Baldwin, 1990) The fourth step is the rough sketching of the crime scene. The crime scene technician will note the layout of the area as well as making sure to identify exactly where the evidence was or the position of a deceased victim. A sketch may not be used in every crime scene but in most cases they are a major step in processing the crime scene. (Baldwin, 1990) The final step is to process/gather evidence from the crime scene. This involves the collection of evidence, properly tagging, and sealing the contents. Then they sign their name so it is known who collected that evidence. The processing involves making sure none of the evidence gets contaminated by other pieces of evidence. All personal involved will wear rubber gloves and sometime have to wear disposable booties over their shoes. Each piece is placed in a paper bag, for small evidence, and larger types of evidence may be placed in larger bags or boxes, clearly marked, depending on the size and material of the evidence. Liquids and blood evidence can be transported easily in non-breakable, leak proof containers. If there is arson evidence, it is usually collected in air-tight, clean metal cans much like gallon paint cans. Wet evidence can be transported in plastic or metal but should not remain in that container for more than two hours. Wet objects sealed in plastic or metal contai ners will start the growth of microorganisms that could either destroy the evidence or alter it. It is best to let the wet items dry out completely after getting to the lab and then be placed in dry paper-type containers. As the evidence is being collected more photographs may be taken as levels of evidence are gathered and may have not seen before. (Baldwin, 1990) Fingerprints are one of the most venerable pieces of evidence that can be lost if not properly secured for transport. Any prints on a body should be covered with clear adhesive tape so the lab technician can process them under laboratory conditions. All surface fingerprints, hand prints and other body prints left at the scene can be lifted for identification by dusting them with black powder and using clear adhesive tape-like material. For prints that are not easily lifted a black and white photo can be taken of the print for more study at the lab. Bite marks are another source of identifying a person who committed a crime. Sometimes during a sexual assault, the perpetrator will bite the victim leaving a distinct bite pattern. They should be photographed by using ABFO No. 2 Scale under normal lighting conditions. Color slide as well as black and white film should be used. The lab has special techniques for processing and comparing bite marks. (Aggrawal, 2004) (Layton, 2005) (Saferstein, 1990) Blood and body fluids, hand writing samples, firearms, bullets, broken fingernails, hairs and fibers, shoeprints and tired tracks along with broken pieces of a car in an auto accident can be very important types of evidence to collect. Listed were only a few that might be found at a crime scene. Trace evidence is any piece of transfer such as blood, fibers, hair, paints etc. that the perpetrator came into contact with and carried from the scene on his clothing, body or shoes. For more guidelines as to what to look for at a crime scene it would be best to consult the lab for a list of potential evidence items. (Aggrawal, 2004) (Layton, 2005) (Saferstein, 1990) These five steps can be going on at the same time as the sketches and photos are taken the gathering process can start in an orderly fashion. It does not matter how significant the crime is, whether it is a stolen car or a multiple homicide, these five steps of protocol should be followed in each case. Every crime scene has evidence or the lack of evidence to support the validity that a crime has been committed. In cases where no evidence can be found to stand up in a court of law usually means a person or persons cannot be brought to trial. Saying this does not make it so. Many protocols of evidence collection and processing are ignored more than we may know. In doing a search on the internet I found a case I well remember where there was no evidence a crime had been committed but many people ended up in prison because the judges allowed testimony of very young children, ages 3-5, to be entered in as â€Å"evidence.† It seemed harder to prove a person innocent in these cases than guilty. Evidence protocols were not followed and the convection was made by relying on the testimonies on these very young children, one of whom was the grandson of a prominent local judge. This case I chose to write about in my research paper is just one of those cases among many that convicted caregivers at daycare centers across America and several in other parts of the world during what is now referred to as â€Å"The Great Witch Hunt of the 80’s.† The report from The New York Times newspaper article written by Seth Faison on March 27, 1993, sums up the overturned conviction of Kelly Michaels: â€Å"The New York Times† â€Å"March 27, 1993† â€Å"Child-Abuse Conviction Of Woman Is Overturned By Seth Faison† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"A New Jersey appeals court yesterday overturned the conviction of Margaret Kelly Michaels, who was accused of sexually abusing 19 children at a day-care center in Maplewood, and who was sentenced to 47 years in prison after a celebrated trial in 1988.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"A three-judge panel ruled that Ms. Michaels had been denied a fair trial when she was convicted on 115 counts of sexual abuse of the 3- to 5-year-old children in her care,† said Robert Seidenstein, a spokesman for the state court system.† â€Å"The panel ruled that the prosecution of the case had relied on testimony that should have been excluded because it improperly used an experts theory, called the child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, to establish guilt.† The impact of error was overwhelming, the judges wrote in their decision.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"The decision does not mean that Ms. Michaels, who is now 30 and in a state prison in Clinton, N.J., will automatically be released, said Mr. Seidenstein. Her lawyers must file an application for release, he said, and it could be blocked if prosecutors appeal the decision.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"One of Ms. Michaels lawyers, William M. Kunstler, said yesterday that he would apply for her release.† (Faison, 1993) This was a terribly unfair trial, something I likened to the witch hunts in Salem, â€Å"Mr. Kunstler told The Associated Press last night. He said he did not believe a new trial would be held because the children, some now teenagers, could not be expected to remember events so long past.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"Reactions Differ Greatly† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"Mr. Kunstler said Ms. Michaels broke into tears when he told her about the reversal.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"Clifford J. Minor, the Essex County Prosecutor, said in a statement, We are disappointed but we have not had an opportunity to read the rather lengthy opinion and until we do, were unable to make an informed comment. He did not hold that position at the time of the trial.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"Ms. Michaels was 22 when she started work as an aide at the school, the Wee Care Day Nursery, in September 1984. She was there until the following April. Prosecutors asserted that in those eight months, she engaged in bizarre sexual activities with the children, including playing in the nude and encouraging them to lick off peanut butter that she smeared on her body.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"Ms. Michaels consistently denied all the charges and her lawyers argued that the children had been coached in their testimony. The trial lasted 10 months, and the families of the children often filled one side of the courtroom while Ms. Michaelss family and friends crowded the other.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"She was convicted of molesting 19 children and endangering the welfare of a 20th. The jury returned guilty verdicts on 115 counts, including 34 counts of first-degree aggravated sexual assault.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"In Ms. Michaelss appeal last February, her lawyers argument was based on a New Jersey Supreme Court decision the previous month that the child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome could only be used to explain why child victims frequently delay reporting sexual abuse.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"Panel Agrees† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"Yesterday, the court agreed that when the children in the Michaels case were discussed, the prosecutions expert witness went beyond what is allowable under the ruling.† (Faison, 1993) â€Å"The judges concluded that the witnesss testimony validated the childrens reports of sexual abuse to the jury by demonstrating an alleged scientific process of determining whether the children were actually sexually abused. The expert was permitted to lead the jury to believe that the process was rooted in science and thus was a reliable means of determining sexual abuse, the decision says.† â€Å"The court also criticized Judge William F. Harth for the way in which he allowed the children to give televised testimony from his chambers.† (Faison, 1993) The trial judge, in his zeal to make children feel at ease so that their testimony might be obtained, failed to recognize that he could be perceived as crossing the line between an impartial judge and the prosecution. (Faison, 1993) The judge, in the televised view of the jury, played ball with the children, held them on his lap and knee at times, whispered in their ear and had them do the same, and encouraged and complimented them, the decision says. The required atmosphere of the benchs impartiality was lost in this trial. (Faison, 1993) This case cost over 3 million dollars to prosecute and in the end no evidence was ever found to support the convictions of these people. The importance of crime scene collection protocol was more defined and practiced after these cases were tried in court. Hysteria caused this case to snowball down hill and not use good judgment in gathering crime scene evidence. Not once was any one of the daycare centers processed for evidence or were any part of their homes according to established protocols. (Manning, 2007) As we move forward into the future of crime scene investigation the need for Crime Scene Units are becoming more in demand. These are specially trained CSI units by an individual state that can be sent to any city within that state to assist in crime scene investigation when manpower is at a minimum. Small towns usually do not have an established CSI team so calling on a state CSU is very valuable to them. They bring their own equipment with them, process the scene and turn all evidence to the law enforcement agency they are working with at that time. The state of Illinois has had special CSU’s in operation since the mid 1990’s. If the CSU’s were adopted nationwide they would provide non-biased crime scene investigation, ease the amount of man hours required by local law enforcement and provide a needed service in assisting crime scene investigating. (Rutherford, 2010) In the state of Illinois, 4 Crime scene Field Supervisors report directly to the Assistant Bureau Chief and supervise 22 field agents. This team of CSU’s can be dispatched to any part of the state to assist or do the full crime scene investigation 24/7. These people have had over 720 hours of training throughout the state of Illinois. The hopes of this becoming nationwide is growing slowly with Jacksonville, Florida reporting they have established 3 CSU’s with 27 CSI’s available to be utilized within the state of Florida as needed aside from their daily services the city of Jacksonville and the surrounding area. (Rutherford, 2010) The importance of crime scene investigation and following the 5 main protocols of evidence gathering cannot be stressed enough. In the prosecution of criminals and in clearing those accused of crimes that are innocent, the gathering of evidence is most valuable. We do not need a repeat of the witch hunts of the 80’s. Reference Aggrawal, A. (2004). Crime scene investigation special issue. Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, online version (ISSN:0972-8074). Retrieved from geradts.com/~anil/ij/indexpapers.html Baldwin, H. (2001, May 2). Crime scene investigation network. In Crime scene resources. Retrieved March 29, 2010, from Faison, S. (1993, March 27). Child-abuse conviction of woman is overturned. The New York Times (NY). Kish, P. E. (1996, March 7). Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Journal of Forensic Identification, 46(No.2). Layton, J. (2005, December 2). How crime scene investigation works. Retrieved 16 March 2010, from Howstuffworks.com: http://science.howstuffworks.com/csi.htm Manning, L. (2007, January 14). Nightmare at the day care: the wee care case. Retrieved 22 March 2010 Rutherford, J. (2010, April 11). Jacksonville sheriffs office crime scene unit. Retrieved April 11, 2010, from State of Florida: coj.net/Departments/Sheriffs+Office/Detective+Division/Crime+Scene+Unit.htm Saferstein, R. (1990). Criminalistics, an introduction to forensic science. New York: Prentice Hall. Research Papers on Collecting Crime Scene EvidenceUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Fifth HorsemanTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Slave Rebellion and Resistance essays

Slave Rebellion and Resistance essays Throughout the Southern States where slavery was rampant slaves devised many different methods of resisting everyday hardships. Most slaves used peaceful methods of resistance. These methods however, were ineffective in helping slaves claim any rights. Many times the abuse and hopelessness got so severe that slaves took matters into their own hands and physically tried to claim their rights in the form of violent revolts such as Nat Turners Rebellion. Although, these events stand out in history, they were actually quite rare. For the most part slaves did not confront their masters up front but rebelled in hidden ways. They used peaceful methods to cope with their situations such as developing their own culture complete with a distinct religion and narratives to provide morality and hope. Out in the fields they quietly fought back by working slowly, stealing merchandise, feigning illness, or breaking tools. Most resistance occurred in ways where the slaves would peacefully prevent the master from making a full profit. An eruption of violence on behalf of the slaves was uncommon. The few times that it did occur, it was due to personal problems between the slaves and their owners (Dillon 201). What made Nat Turners Rebellion so unique was the violent nature of it. Nat believed he was a Christ-like figure with a message from God to free blacks from their white masters. He believed he could do so by taking his band of followers and going from place to place killing all whites and recruiting more black followers until they had conquered the land (Wilson 196). It was incredibly rare to see an act of such great violence carried out by slaves against the white slave-owning class. Such revolts were uncommon because slaves usually used other methods of resistance, but also because many times the plans were uncovered and the slaves were punished before they had a chance to carry them out. Whites lived in constant fear of a sla...

A Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

A Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases A Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases A Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases By Mark Nichol When it comes to following grammatical rules by example, the field is a minefield, because many publishers and publications can’t even seem to get it right, and writers must resort to hunting down the correct usage in a style guide or a writing handbook. Take, for instance, phrases of several words in which hyphenation seems to be called for. Is it â€Å"word of mouth,† or â€Å"word-of-mouth†? Do you write â€Å"on the spot,† or â€Å"on-the-spot†? The quick-and-easy answer is, for these and most other apparent word chains, break those chains: No hyphens are necessary unless the phrase precedes a noun: â€Å"I rely on word-of-mouth communication†; â€Å"She made an on-the-spot assessment.† But the game changes for a special class of phrase that, for lack of standard nomenclature, we can call anatomical association: When your dorsal side is opposite someone else’s, you’re standing back-to-back, and when you confront someone, you go head-to-head. This type of phrase is sometimes hyphenated in adverbial form (used in conjunction with a verb) as well as in adjectival form (preceding or following a noun): â€Å"He produced back-to-back hits throughout the decade.† â€Å"She hoped to a avoid a head-to-head confrontation.† Unfortunately, though, even that classification is inconsistent: When you line up among a row of people to your left and right, you’re positioned side by side, not side-by-side. (Though you still hyphenate the adjectival form you stand in a side-by-side formation.) You can live a hand-to-mouth existence, but you’re living hand to mouth, not hand-to-mouth. Some similar phrases, such as â€Å"head to toe† or â€Å"hand in hand,† aren’t even in the dictionary, so the same rule applies; leave open in adverbial form, and hyphenate as an adjective. (Phrasal adjectives usually remain open after a noun, but these aren’t conducive to that syntax anyway.) This maddening inconsistency leaves us where we started: When in doubt, look it up. And what about even longer word strings? You can write that someone has a devil-may-care attitude, and that someone has a not-in-my-backyard mentality, but where do you draw the line and stop drawing that little line we call a hyphen? What if someone has a do-unto-others-before-someone-does-unto-you approach to life? Many such phrases are enclosed in quotation marks rather than hyphenated, which is reasonable for something that would conceivably be uttered and doesn’t play havoc with narrow columns of type (as it may very well have done here). But phrases of manageable length like â€Å"not in my backyard,† even though they’re hypothetical statements, should remain in phrasal-adjective mode. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsDouble Possessive

Biography of Clementine Churchill

Biography of Clementine Churchill Born Clementine Ogilvy Hozier, Clementine Churchill (April 1, 1885 – December 12, 1977) was a British noblewoman and the wife of prime minister Winston Churchill. Although she lived a relatively quiet life, she was honored in later life with a Dame Grand Cross and a life peerage in her own right. Fast Facts: Clementine Churchill Full Name:  Clementine Ogilvy Spencer-Churchill, Baroness Spencer-ChurchillBorn: April 1, 1885 in London, EnglandDied: December 12, 1977 in London, EnglandKnown For: Born to a minor noble family, Clementine Churchill came to prominence as the wife of prime minister Winston Churchill, receiving several honors in her own right for her charity work.Spouse: Winston Churchill (m. 1908-1965)Children: Diana (1909-1963), Randolph (1911-1968), Sarah (1914-1982), Marigold (1918-1921), Mary (1922-2014) Early Life and Family Officially, Clementine Churchill was the daughter of Sir Henry Hozier and his wife, Lady Blanche Hozier, who was a daughter of David Ogilvy, 10th Earl of Airlie. However, Lady Blanche was infamous for her many affairs. She reportedly claimed that Churchill’s real father was Capt. William George Bay Middleton, a horseman and equerry to Earl Spencer, while others believe that Sir Henry was totally infertile and that all of her children were actually fathered by her brother-in-law Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford, Baron Redesdale. Churchill’s parents divorced when she was six, in 1891, due in large part to both of their ongoing and numerous affairs. When she was fourteen, her mother moved the family to Dieppe, a town off the coast in northern France. Their idyllic time there was cut tragically short, though, within a year, when the eldest daughter, Kitty, fell ill with typhoid fever. Churchill and her sister Nellie were sent away to Scotland for their safety, and Kitty died in 1900. 1908: Clementine Ogilvy Hozier before her marriage to Sir Winston Churchill.   Hulton Archive / Getty Images As a girl, Churchill began her education at home under the care of a governess, as many girls of her social class did. Afterwards, she attended the Berkhamsted School for Girls  in Hertfordshire, England. She became secretly engaged- two separate times- to Sir Sidney Peel, a grandson of Queen Victoria’s famous prime minister Sir Robert Peel; Peel was fifteen years her senior and the relationship never worked out. Marriage to Winston Churchill In 1904, Clementine and Winston Churchill first met at a ball held by mutual acquaintances, the Earl and Countess of Crewe. It would be another four years before their paths crossed again, when they were seated next to each other at a dinner party held by a distant cousin of Clementine’s. They developed a rapport very quickly and continued seeing each other and corresponding over the next several months, and by August 1908, they were engaged. Only one month later, on September 12, 1908, the Churchills were married in St. Margarets, Westminster. They took their honeymoon in Baveno, Venice, and Moravia, then returned home to settle down in London. Within a year, they welcomed their first child, their daughter Diana. In total, the couple had five children: Diana, Randolph, Sarah, Marigold, and Mary; all but Marigold survived to adulthood. British statesman Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965) his wife Clementine (1885 - 1977) and their daughter Sarah, leaving for an appointment at Buckingham Palace, 11th May 1933.   Keystone / Getty Images Wars and Between Wars During World War I, Clementine Churchill organized canteens for munitions workers, working with the Young Mens Christian Association of the North East Metropolitan Area of London. This assistance to the war effort earned her an appointment as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1918. In the 1930s, Churchill spent some time traveling without her husband. She traveled on Baron Moyne’s yacht on an island cruise. There were rumors that she had an affair with a younger man, art dealer Terence Philip, but they were never confirmed; there were also rumors that Philip was gay. Her trip with the Moynes ended abruptly after an incident in which another guest insulted Winston and the Moynes failed to smooth things over. Winston Churchill became prime minister in 1940, as World War II was breaking out. During the war years, Clementine Churchill again took on roles in aid societies, now with a much higher profile as the wife of the prime minister. She was the chairman of the Red Cross Aid to Russia Fund, the president of the Young Womens Christian Association War Time Appeal, and the chairman of Maternity Hospital for the Wives of Officers. Clementine Churchill surveys a graph of her Aid to Russia Fund in 1944. J. Wilds / Getty Images She was honored again for her efforts, and this time, she was not only honored in her own country. During a tour of Russia at the end of the war, she was awarded a Soviet honor, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. Back home, in 1946, she was appointed a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, and her formal title became Dame Clementine Churchill GBE. Over the years, she also received several honorary degrees from the University of Glasgow, the University of Bristol, and Oxford. Widowhood and Later Years In 1965, Winston Churchill died at the age of 90, leaving Clementine as a widow after 56 years of marriage. That year, she was created a life peer, with the title Baroness Spencer-Churchill, of Chartwell in the County of Kent. She remained independent from major party affiliations, but ultimately, her declining health (particularly hearing loss) prevented her from having much of a presence in Parliament. Her two oldest children both predeceased her: Diana in 1963, and Randolph in 1968. Churchill’s final years were marred by financial difficulties, and she had to sell some of her husband’s paintings. On December 12, 1977, Clementine Churchill died at age 92 after suffering a heart attack. She was buried alongside her husband and children at St. Martins Church, Bladon in Oxfordshire. Sources Blakemore, Erin. â€Å"Meet the Woman Behind Winston Churchill.† History, 5 December 2017, https://www.history.com/news/meet-the-woman-behind-winston-churchill.Purnell, Sonia. First Lady: The Private Wars of Clementine Churchill. Aurum Press Limited, 2015.Soames, Mary. Clementine Churchill. Doubleday, 2002.

International Capital Markets and Finance Essay

International Capital Markets and Finance - Essay Example In a foreign exchange contract one member agrees to sell and the other agrees to buy at a future date at an exchange rate which is prevailing at the time of agreement. Such contracts can involve a foreign currency of the party involved against the domestic currency or any other foreign currency as might be found appropriate. Generally, in a forward exchange contract the two parties in consideration are the concerned bank and the customer. While forward exchange contracts are generally accepted, currency futures are preferred more due to their innate characteristic of flexibility which we will take up subsequently. The forward currency market is comprised of the following players. "A forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell an asset on a specified date for a specified price. One of the parties to the contract assumes a long position and agrees to buy the underlying asset on a certain specified future date for a certain specified price. The other party assumes a short position and agrees to sell the asset on the same date for the same price. Other contract details like delivery date, price and quantity are negotiated bilaterally by the parties to the contract" (Securities Market). (b) Critically evaluate the potential risks each of these participants face when dealing in the forward exchange markets, particularly in the current financial crisis, and discuss what strategies can be used to manage such risks. The following problems/risks are common to all forward market across the world. Lack of centralization of trading, Illiquidity, and Counterparty risk The basic problem/risk with forward contract is that they are neither standardized nor liquid. This results in too much flexibility and generality and lack of confidence among participants. A forward contract for a currency can be made by any two parties on the basis of their mutual understanding. The counter party risk arises from this non-standardized form of agreement. The high chance of counter party risk of this form of derivative made to think about alternative tools like options and futures. In a forward exchange contract, when one of the two parties to the transaction is declared bankruptcy, the other is bound to suffer. Even when forward markets trade standardized contracts, and hence avoid the problem of illiquidity, still the counterparty risk remains a very serious issue. Banks Banks play a major role in the derivative trading of a country. In a forward market for currencies, banks role is to grant short term financial arrangements to the original parties involved in the transaction. In a forward exchange market, the buyer undertakes to purchase a certain amount of a foreign currency against his/her domestic currency at an agreed exchange rate. In case the rate is not favourable to him in the future, he will incur an opportunity loss, which ultimately affects the banks from where the buyer arranged the financial resource. Speculators They are traders with a view and objective of making profits. They are willing to take risks on the anticipation of making profit out of the exchange rate fluctuations. They are making the scene most badly as their involvement will affect the genuine transactions and parties. The risk

Business Plan, Which Is Bringing Body Implants To the Mass Market Essay

Business Plan, Which Is Bringing Body Implants To the Mass Market - Essay Example The present research has identified that biohacking has emerged as a successful business for the development of non-institutional technology and science. Tattoo studios form a part of biohacking business. With the advent of biohacker movement, the grinders have found simple ways for reimaging the development of human beings. The first case was that of a tiny magnet that was inserted in fingertips by making a small opening. As the trend for biohacker business popped up, many activities were encouraged as a part of biohacking business like the operation of the DIY kitchen, usage of knife or razor blade, rubbing ice cubes for numbing the surface of the skin and rubbing alcohol. Over the years magnets are also offered by a number of body modification artists which formed a type of body piercing. It has been noticed that there are thousands of individuals worldwide who have undergone body implantation. A member of Grindhouse, Olive Webb, has implanted the magnet in the earlier days of the invention. She was able to lift a paper clip by simply touching it with her finger. The magnet made her feel the electromagnetic fields which seemed to be her sixth sense. She could not explain the particular feeling of possessing a microwave in her body. It cannot be understood until it is felt. This paper illustrates that the entrepreneurial friend has planned for carrying out a long-term business as he has studied the market thoroughly which identified that the particular business is at a boom. It also fetches a good amount of money. Thus he has planned for targeting female customers of 30-40 years of age who will be interested in implant tattoo. He will be getting a good customer base as the current fad favors the art of tattoo and every female has the desire to have the tattoo on any part of their body. Piercing and tattoo have been famous within the female group of customers as they love to make their look more attractive by undertaking various makeovers. However, the decisio n or the plan that is taken by him can be evaluated by examining the marketing environment, market segments and pricing of the services.

Freedom of expression should be guaranteed. Discuss Essay - 1

Freedom of expression should be guaranteed. Discuss - Essay Example OECD and African Development Bank (2012) point that freedom of expression includes the right for one to freely hold opinions without there being any interference as well as the innate right for individuals to be able to seek impart and receive ideas and information via the use of various media irrespective of the possible frontiers. Guaranteeing freedom of expression basically means that individuals are assured of this inalienable right without failure; in this regard freedom of expression should be guaranteed as it is essentially an inseparable element of democracy and the modern day free press. Freedom of expression generally aids society in exercising control over various state authorities as well as in maintenance of a system whereby the society is essentially self controlled as is dictated by the demands of democracy. Self controlled societies are responsible for making their own decisions and it is only possible for these societies to be able to do this if they are well informed and has in place and system that encourages open exchange of opinions via the various mass media. This essay will critically underscore some of the various reasons as to why freedom of expression in mass media should be guaranteed in relation to its importance in mass media. Guaranteed freedom of expression is an important contributor to the democratic belief that the government should necessarily be restrained by a system of various balances and checks. These checks and balances are designed to restrain it from corruption, tyranny and ineptitude (Human Rights Watch 2011). By utilizing the freedom of expression that is available to it, the press can be able to promote democracy by facilitating a free flow of information and providing important information to the public, which can in turn help the public in making crucial decisions affecting the state as it has the right to protest

The World Bank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The World Bank - Assignment Example Some people say that when you love or are fulfilled, by what you do for a living, then you never really work a day in your life. Most people do not earn a living doing what most people want to do. They did not make the difference they wanted to make. Most people compromise, for one reason or another, and settle for what is most stable and guarantees the bills are paid. This is not a wrong decision; it is, in fact, a very responsible one. However, all the same, when asked, they will likely tell you they wish that they had gone another direction. It is a rare opportunity to really be inspired and fulfilled by where one works. That said, the goal of choosing a direction that is, both, financially consistent, as well as, something that is fulfilling is fundamentally important. The World Bank is an organization where that potential for that outcome to be realized. The World Bank was founded in 1944 and is a collaboration of five institutions. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and lastly, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).("The world bank," 2012)   Each of these groups focuses and contributes to the financing and facilitating aid to middle income, developing, and destitute countries. Whether it is providing low interest or interest-free loans, guaranteeing potential losses with reluctant investors, or providing arbitration and mediation in investment disputes, they are encouraging growth. It is not just financial contributions, but also, environmental and humanitarian endeavours as well. In totality what has been created is a very dedicated entity, which is far more than the sum of its technical parts. The World Bank’s chosen mission is, ultimately, rather simple. They have one intent and supreme goal of ending global poverty. To do this they are deeply invested in projects dedicated to aiding those in poverty-stricken, under-developed, and suffering populations all over the world. They focus on a concept, they call, the Millennium Achievement Goals, which, â€Å"†¦calls for the elimination of poverty and sustained development.†

Global Water Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Water Crisis - Essay Example Most of the underdeveloped economies stagger under environment stresses and water thus likely to withstand the worst of global water crisis (Chellaney 17). Chellaney argues that in the contemporary world, water is unvalued and underappreciated, regardless of the latter being essential to sustain livelihoods and life. According to the author, the price of crude oil at international spot price is lower than the retail price of bottled water, and this can result to conflict, considering that unlike oil, there is no substitute for water. Additionally, the author contends that the riparian neighbors in several parts of the world are already waging water wars in diplomatic, economic or political sense hence fuelling series of mutual accusations, aggravating and breeding mistrust, which inhibits broader integration and regional cooperation. Chellaney then highlights of impending dangers such as armed conflict or further inadequacy of already energy production or stretched food if this crisis is given a cold shoulder. Using nontechnical, direct and engaging styles of writing, the author summarizes by analyzing the various linkages of the world between peace and water. To identify these linkages, the author does comprehensive research from policy fields and scientific while offering integrated remedies and holistic pictures in his

Instructional Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Instructional Strategies - Essay Example There are a variety of categories and disciplines we could address but here our main concentration is on the possible usefulness of the DIRECT INSTRUCTION (DI) method of teaching in today's classrooms. According to the Baltimore Curriculum Project fact sheet (1997), "DI is an embracing model in instructional strategies which is filled with carefully structured and edited lessons that are backed by texts and worksheets." In DI the educator works with a group of students who are performing at roughly the same level. Through exceedingly careful organization, direction and pacing a rapport is formed with the students that facilitates the creation of a healthy, interactive learning environment. This type of interaction is finely crafted to focus on the subject and the pace of the learning activities. The students in these activities respond to questions as both an individual and a group further ensuring that the method of instruction "leaves no individual unengaged" (Baltimore Curriculum Project, 1997). Direct instruction is primarily based on previous theories of instruction which strive to eliminate misinterpretation by the students of goals, necessary skills, and instructions. The theory of DI is purported to greatly accelerate and improve academic performance as well as specific learning when applied in the prescribed manner. Direct instruction has also shown promise in correcting certain affective behaviors that can lead to academic problems. The resulting DI theory emphasizes the use of a small group in which teachers and aides conduct face-to-face (or one-on-one) instruction. This allows educators to carefully articulated lessons so that specific cognitive skills are broken down into small units and/or action sequences. The research of Mr. Siegfried Engelmann and Dr. Wesley Becker is not only a focal point in DI discussions, it also prescribes the correct method for using DI. Their work provides educators with five areas by which all class activities can be organized: GOAL SETTING: Educators emphasize the importance of setting goals for school work. Students are required to write and explain their goals which will ead them to complete the task set before them. Educators and other students provide regular reassurance on the progress toward meeting these goals as well as hints for improvement. ASSIGNMENTS: Educators should endeavor to break the ultimate task into small, manageable parts. Students should be encouraged to further devise personally manageable parts that will lead to successful completion of the task. The true key here is to set a pace that is comfortable to the individual and the class as a whole while ensuring timely completion of the task. Such structuring should lead to a better understanding of the ultimate goal as well as provide more immediate success and feedback. EXPLANATION: The variation in explanation lies at the heart of what makes DI unique. Examples that relate more closely to real life and/or appeal to the students(s) make the subject clearer and personal. Students more readily engage in learning activities that they find personally linked. If an activity seems like fun or useful to the student, it is now personal and worth doing. OUTSOURCING: Frequently asking

Evolving into you world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolving into you world - Essay Example Therefore, Information allows for an expansion of knowledge. As changes occur from generation to generation, there are also changes in acquisition and use of information. This paper therefore, assesses the changes in information tools between generations. Are the information tools for the generations before the internet came and after the internet came the same or different? This paper uses generation X to represent the old generation and generation Y to represent the new generation. Generation X, was born between 1965 and 1980 while generation Y is that form 1981 and 2000. Over time, there has been a change in the manners and habits of different generations for instance, the manners in which the old and the new generations get information are different. The old generation heavily depended on the library for information. In these libraries, information was mainly got from books. Due to the effort involved in reading these books the use of libraries as information sources was very tedious and time consuming. However, in terms of knowledge enrichment such individuals heavily benefitted from such study methods. Because of the time used for the study, students would read a lot so as to finally land on the relevant information. In the process of reading a lot, large amounts of knowledge would be gathered. Libraries were mainly used by students for their educational purposes. However, not all people who used libraries did this for educational purposes. Some people read articles, magazines and novels just for fun. Thanks to the libraries which availed such information materials. Most people from the older generation when asked the question of where they would go for information about anything, the answer would be the same. All these people would go to a Library. This was the answer I got when I interviewed my father and grandfather. Technology during the old days was still underdeveloped thus